transport control protocol (tcp) a) consider a tcp sender with a maximum segment size (mss) of 1,024 bytes, a slow start threshold (ssthresh) of 16 segments, and a roundtrip time of 5 ms (0.005 sec). assuming no packet losses, what is the window size about 15 ms after start? how much data has been received at the receiver at this time in bytes? assume negligible tcp host processing delays. b) in part a) above, what is the window size about 25 ms after start? how much data has been received by the receiver at this time in bytes? assume negligible tcp host processing delays. c) assume the tcp sender in part a) is in the linear congestion avoidance phase and has a window size of 48 segments. if it experiences a single packet loss, what are the resulting window sizes for vanilla tcp (tahoe)? tcp reno (fast retransmit/recovery)?
Answers
TCP Reno's fast retransmit/recovery mechanism allows it to recover from packet losses more quickly than vanilla TCP.
What is the difference between vanilla TCP (Tahoe) and TCP Reno's approach to recovering from packet loss? In the slow start phase, the TCP window size is doubled for each round trip time until it reaches the slow start threshold. Since the MSS is 1024 bytes, the window size is initially 1 MSS, or 1024 bytes. In 5 ms, one round trip time has passed, so the window size doubles to 2 MSS, or 2048 bytes. In another 5 ms, the window size doubles again to 4 MSS, or 4096 bytes. In another 5 ms, the window size doubles again to 8 MSS, or 8192 bytes. Finally, in another 5 ms, the window size doubles again to 16 MSS, or 16,384 bytes, which is the slow start threshold. After reaching the slow start threshold, the TCP sender enters the congestion avoidance phase, where the window size is increased linearly for each round trip time. Assuming no packet losses, the window size at 15 ms would be 18 MSS, or 18,432 bytes.The amount of data received by the receiver at this time in bytes is equal to the window size, since the receiver acknowledges all the data it receives. Therefore, the amount of data received by the receiver at 15 ms is 18,432 bytes.
In 10 ms (two round trip times), the window size would have increased by 1 MSS in each round trip time during the congestion avoidance phase. Therefore, the window size at 25 ms would be 20 MSS, or 20,480 bytes.The amount of data received by the receiver at this time in bytes is equal to the window size, since the receiver acknowledges all the data it receives. Therefore, the amount of data received by the receiver at 25 ms is 20,480 bytes.
After a single packet loss, vanilla TCP (Tahoe) enters the slow start phase again and sets the slow start threshold to half of the current window size. Therefore, the new slow start threshold would be 24 segments, and the window size would be set to 1 MSS, or 1024 bytes. The TCP sender would then enter the slow start phase and double the window size for each round trip time until it reaches the slow start threshold.On the other hand, TCP Reno uses a fast retransmit/recovery mechanism, which allows it to recover from a single packet loss without entering the slow start phase. After detecting a packet loss, TCP Reno immediately retransmits the lost packet and reduces the window size to the slow start threshold (half of the current window size). Therefore, the new window size for TCP Reno would be 24 segments, which is the slow start threshold.
In summary, vanilla TCP (Tahoe) would have a window size of 1024 bytes and a slow start threshold of 24 segments after a single packet loss, while TCP Reno would have a window size of 24 segments. TCP Reno's fast retransmit/recovery mechanism allows it to recover from packet losses more quickly than vanilla TCP.
Learn more about TCP Reno's
brainly.com/question/31134398
#SPJ11
Related Questions
what is a core dump on unix-type of kernels? group of answer choices archaic term for volatile memory the content of the kernel data in ram, right before it crashed a periodic liquid-form emission of bits from overheated memory chips in pre-microprocessor era computers a copy of a process' memory content at the moment it crashed that is saved to nonvolative memory and can be used to debug it later
Answers
Answer:Un volcado de núcleo es un archivo de la memoria documentada de una computadora de cuándo se bloqueó un programa o computadora. El archivo consiste en el estado registrado de la memoria de trabajo en un momento explícito, generalmente cerca de cuando el sistema se bloqueó o cuando el programa finalizó atípicamente.
Explanation:
Which of these best describes the difference between ports and slots?
Answers
Answer:
hi
Explanation:
What sense?
you mean something like that?
ports are temporary stops for maritime transport, and slots are used for long-term living here.
Define a setter function named wonAward that takes a parameter for the name of an award and stores the award name in the awards array
Answers
The setter function named wonAward that takes a parameter for the name of an award and stores the award name in the awards array is as follows:
def wonAward(string):
awards_array = []
awards_array.append(string)
return awards_array
print(wonAward("best student"))
Code explanationThe code is written in python.
We defined a function named "wonAward" and it takes a parameter called "string"The declared variable awards_array is an empty list.Then we append the string to the awards_array.we return the awards_array Finally, we call the function with the parameter.learn more on function here: https://brainly.com/question/26104476
this usps mail classification is the fastest delivery service avalaible
Answers
USPS Priority Mail Express is the fastest delivery service available within the United States Postal Service.
It offers guaranteed overnight or next-day delivery, depending on the destination, to most domestic addresses. This premium service accommodates time-sensitive documents and packages, providing tracking and insurance coverage for added security. While it is more expensive than standard Priority Mail, its speed and reliability make it a popular choice for urgent deliveries.
Additionally, Priority Mail Express is available 365 days a year, including weekends and holidays, ensuring timely delivery regardless of the time of year. Overall, USPS Priority Mail Express is the ideal option for expedited mail delivery.
Learn more about USPS Tracking at
https://brainly.com/question/29591151
#SPJ11
Operating systems might contain which of the following components? Select one: a. All of these are true O b. A graphical user interface C. A command-line interface O d. A firewall and other security measures
Answers
Answer:
the correct answer should b A
_____styles are added sirectly to an html tag by using the style attributes with the tag
Answers
CSS styles are added directly to an HTML tag by using the style attribute with the tag.
The presentation of an HTML or XML document can be described using the style sheet language CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). HTML or XML documents can add visual styles and layout using CSS styles.
The following are some CSS style examples:
Color is used to change the background or text colour of an element.
The font is used to specify the text's style, size, and family.
To enclose an element in a border, use the border property.
Margin and padding are tools for enclosing an element.
Display - Used to set an element's display property.
Setting the location of an element is done using positioning.
Text: This element is used to set text properties like text-align, text-decoration, and text-transform.
For such more question on CSS styles:
https://brainly.com/question/29580875
#SPJ11
Write a program in the if statement that sets the variable hours to 10 when the flag variable minimum is set.
Answers
Answer:
I am using normally using conditions it will suit for all programming language
Explanation:
if(minimum){
hours=10
}
Jorge, a sports statistician for soccer, has kept track of how many shots-on-goal each player on a team made in each game. This is recorded in the "SOG" column. Jorge also has the total number of goals each player made during each game. He now wants to create a custom function that will find the average number of goals a player made per shots-on-goal in each game. He will calculate the averages as percents and will call the function "PctPerShots. "
What code will Jorge’s function most likely include?
A. PctPerShots (SOG)
PctPerShots=SOG*goals/100
B. PctPerShots (goals)
PctPerShots=goals*SOG/100
C. PctPerShots (SOG, goals)
PctPerShots=SOG/goals%
D. PctPerShots (SOG, goals)
PctPerShots=goals/SOG%
Answers
Explanation it’s A
which of the following do not have a definite shape but take the shape of the container into which they are put? a. water and paper b. water and fine sand c. fine sand and paper d. ice cubes and water
Answers
Answer:
BASICALYL JUSTDO PAPER A
Explanation:
what are binary code
Answers
Answer:
Binary code is a coding system using binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other characters in a computer or other electronic device. The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits, also known as bits, to each character, instruction, etc.
Give three code examples of how to increment the integer j by 1.
Answers
Answer:
(This is for Javascript)
j++;
j + = 1;
j = j + 1;
Create a database named “InventoryManagementSystem.odb” in Open Office Base and then create the above tables and perform the following operations:
i) For ITEM_DETAILS table, set ITEM_ID as the primary key and VENDOR_ID as the foreign key (referencing to VENDOR table).
ii) Set VENDOR_ID as the primary key of VENDOR table.
iii) Set a composite primary key (ITEM_ID, CUSTOMER_ID, SOLD_DATE) for SELLING_DETAILS table; ITEM_ID and CUSTOMER_ID as the foreign keys.
iv) Set CUSTOMER_ID as the primary key of CUSTOMER table.
v) Write a query to display the ITEM details where the Item name starts with the letter ‘S’.
vi) Write a query to find the maximum item quantity supplied by vendor “Yash”.
vii) Create forms and reports for all the tables in the database.
Please send screenshots of doing it in computer
Answers
Create a database called "InventoryManagementSystem.odb" in Open... I Make ITEM ID the main key for the ITEM DETAILS table and VENDOR ID the secondary key.
What is inventory management system?
Whether the stocked items are company assets, raw materials and supplies, or finished goods that are ready to be sent to vendors or end users, an inventory management system is the combination of technology (hardware and software), processes, and procedures that oversees the monitoring and maintenance of stocked items. What are the top three inventory control models? Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Inventory Production Quantity, and ABC Analysis are three of the most well-liked inventory control approaches.
Know more about secondary visit:
https://brainly.com/question/336747
#SPJ1
What are two parts of a cell reference?
Answers
The number represents the row !:)
Under the ____ scenario, multiple processes run on different computers sharing a single data repository.a.single-site processing, single-site datab.multiple-site processing, single-site datac.single-site processing, multiple-site datad.multiple-site processing, multiple-site data
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: Under the "multiple-site processing, single-site data" scenario, multiple processes run on different computers sharing a single data repository.
Why is the list constructor commonly used to find an index of an array element? Select an answer: .
a. index returns the array value for a particular index.
b. The array must be stripped of redundant information.
c. Arrays are not ordered. .
d. index only works with lists.
Answers
The list constructor is commonly used to find an index of an array element because it is a data structure that is an ordered sequence of items in Python programming.
This implies that the elements are arranged in a specific order and can be accessed using an index, and a list in Python is simply a collection of items that are separated by commas, with the whole list being surrounded by square brackets ([ ]).
Moreover, lists are mutable, which means that they can be modified after they have been created by adding, deleting, or modifying elements in the list.
In addition, the indexing of list elements begins at 0, which means that the first element in the list has an index of 0, the second has an index of 1, and so on. This makes it easy to find the index of a specific element in a list using the list constructor and the index() method, which returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in the list.If the element is not present in the list, it raises a ValueError. For instance, given a list
L = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50],
To know more about constructor visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13267120
#SPJ11
When an entrepreneur has three employees at a busy and growing software company, what is the primary responsibility of the employees?
create the product that customers want
explain business decisions to stakeholders
identify and contact financial investors
select new types of software to sell
Answers
Answer:
A: Create the product that customers
Explanation:
I did it on edgy
Answer:
(A). Create the product that customers want
Explanation:
I got it right on edge2020.
Can someone please give me the 3.6 code practice answer I will mark you brainlyist
Answers
3.6 Code Practice Question:
Write a program to input 6 numbers. After each number is input, print the biggest of the number entered so far:
Answer:
nums = []
biggest = 0
for i in range(6):
num = int(input("Number: "))
nums.append(num)
if(i == 0):
print("Largest: "+str(nums[0]))
biggest = nums[0]
else:
if nums[i]>biggest:
print("Largest: "+str(nums[i]))
biggest = nums[i]
else:
print("Largest: "+str(biggest))
Explanation:
This question is answered using python
This line declares an empty list
nums = []
This line initalizes the biggest input to 0
biggest = 0
This iteration is perfoemed for 6 inputs
for i in range(6):
This prompts user for input
num = int(input("Number: "))
This appends user input to the list created
nums.append(num)
For the first input, the program prints the first input as the largest. This is implemented in the following if condition
if(i == 0):
print("Largest: "+str(nums[0]))
biggest = nums[0]
For subsequent inputs
else:
This checks for the largest input and prints the largest input so far
if nums[i]>biggest:
print("Largest: "+str(nums[i]))
biggest = nums[i]
else:
print("Largest: "+str(biggest))
one disadvantage of using a wireless network over a wired network
Answers
Answer:
Slower than wired network
Explanation:
This is much weaker than a wired connection. It is likely that the network is less secure. A variety of factors, including large distances or artifacts, can impede wireless transmission around wireless devices as well as other wireless devices.
a network has been crashed to the point where all activities are critical. additional crashing: group of answer choices is unnecessary. may require crashing multiple tasks simultaneously. can be done, but all critical tasks must be reduced in duration. is prohibitively expensive. is impossible.
Answers
Option D is correct. Project managers and stakeholders often use the project management technique of "crashing" to deal with emerging problems.
By allocating more resources where they are most needed, project crashing maintains or accelerates a project's scope and timeline. Crashing is a compression approach that focuses on the project timetable to hasten the project's completion date. Here are some plausible instances of crashing: Over-time. adding more resources to a particular activity. Crashing is the process of reducing the length of time it takes to complete a project by changing its scope or adding resources. Fast-tracking, which involves adjusting project activities so that they are completed in parallel and with less time spent, is typically the first option when a project's production duration needs to be shortened.
Learn more about crashing here-
https://brainly.com/question/4701800
#SPJ4
zhang et al, 2018, contrail recognition with convolutional neural network and contrail parameterizations evaluation
Answers
The paper titled "Contrail Recognition with Convolutional Neural Network and Contrail Parameterizations Evaluation" by Zhang et al. (2018) discusses the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for contrail recognition and evaluates the performance of different contrail parameterizations.
Contrails are the visible lines of condensed water vapor that form behind aircraft flying at high altitudes. They can affect climate by trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. In this study, the researchers used a CNN, which is a type of deep learning algorithm, to automatically identify and classify contrails in satellite images.
The CNN was trained on a large dataset of satellite images that were labeled as either containing contrails or not. By learning from these examples, the CNN could identify and classify contrails in new images with a high level of accuracy.
The researchers also evaluated different parameterizations of contrails, which are mathematical models used to estimate the properties of contrails. These parameterizations help scientists understand the impact of contrails on climate and develop strategies to mitigate their effects.
To know more about Convolutional visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31168689
#SPJ11
So I got a question when I ask a question some people send me a link that seems weird in their answer you can't put links in your answer so is it a grabify link to track my IP?
Answers
Answer:
dw just ignore it
Explanation:
its just stoopid kids or people just ignore it
and think positive like elmo
Answer:No I don't think so hope u have a great day
Explanation:
TRUE/FALSE. increasingly, voice, video, and data communications are all based on internet technology.
Answers
Increasingly, voice, video, and data communications are all based on internet technology is true.
In today's technological landscape, voice, video, and data communications are indeed increasingly based on internet technology. The convergence of communication technologies has led to the integration of voice, video, and data transmission over internet protocols, resulting in various services and applications.
Voice communication, traditionally carried out using dedicated telephone networks, has seen a shift towards Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services, which utilize internet technology to transmit voice signals.
Video communication has also transitioned to internet-based platforms. Services such as video conferencing, video streaming, and online video calls utilize internet protocols for transmitting video data.
Data communications, which include various forms of data transfer and internet browsing, heavily rely on internet technology.
The advancement of internet technology and the increasing availability of high-speed internet connections have enabled the convergence of these communication types onto internet-based platforms.
The statement is true. Voice, video, and data communications are increasingly based on internet technology.
To know more about technology, visit
https://brainly.com/question/30490175
#SPJ11
How many tens are there in the number 156?
A. 1
B. 15
C. 6
D. 56
Answers
Answer:
15
Explanation:
15 times 10 is 150, therefore there is 15 tens inside 156.
Answer:
15
Explanation:
Did you know, Death is the leading cause of Death?
There are many different risk factors that can drastically increase the likelihood of Death. Some risk factors can be: Jumping off cliffs, getting a heart attack, getting run over by a car, getting a stroke, and getting shot in the head.
100% pl…View the full answer
answer image blur
Transcribed image text: Convert the following Pseudo-code to actual coding in any of your preferred programming Language (C/C++/Java will be preferable from my side!) Declare variables named as i, j, r, c, VAL Print "Enter the value ofr: " Input a positive integer from the terminal and set it as the value of r Print "Enter the value of c: " Input a positive integer from the terminal and set it as the value of c Declare a 2D matrix named as CM using 2D array such that its dimension will be r x c Input an integer number (>0) for each cell of CM from terminal and store it into the 2D array Print the whole 2D matrix CM Set VAL to CM[0][0] Set both i and j to 0 While i doesn't get equal to r minus 1 OR j doesn't get equal to c minus 1 Print "(i, j) →" // i means the value of i and j means the value of j If i is less than r minus 1 and j is less than c minus 1 If CM[i][j+1] is less than or equal to CM[i+1][j], then increment j by 1 only Else increment i by 1 only Else if i equals to r minus 1, then increment j by 1 only Else increment i by 1 only Print "(i, j)" // i means the value of i and j means the value of j Increment VAL by CM[i][j] Print a newline Print the last updated value of VAL The above Pseudo-code gives solution to of one of the well-known problems we have discussed in this course. Can you guess which problem it is? Also, can you say to which approach the above Pseudo-code does indicate? Is it Dynamic Programming or Greedy? Justify your answer with proper short explanation.
Answers
The following is the solution to the provided Pseudo code in C++ programming language. As for which problem this Pseudo code gives a solution for, it is the problem of finding the path with minimum weight in a matrix from its top-left corner to its bottom-right corner, known as the Minimum Path Sum problem.The above Pseudo code shows the Greedy approach of solving the Minimum Path Sum problem. This is because at each cell of the matrix, it always picks the minimum of the right and down cell and moves there, instead of keeping track of all paths and comparing them, which would be the Dynamic Programming approach. Hence, it does not require to store all the sub-problem solutions in a table but instead makes a decision by selecting the locally optimal solution available at each stage. Therefore, we can conclude that the above Pseudo code does indicate the Greedy approach to the Minimum Path Sum problem in computer programming.Explanation:After receiving input of the dimensions of the matrix and the matrix itself, the Pseudo code declares a variable VAL and initializes it with the first cell value of the matrix. It then uses a while loop to iterate through the matrix till it reaches its bottom-right corner. At each cell, it checks if it can only move to the right or down, and then it moves in the direction of the minimum value. VAL is then updated by adding the value of the current cell to it.After the loop is exited, the last updated value of VAL is printed, which is the minimum path sum value.
Learn more about Pseudo code here:
https://brainly.com/question/21319366
#SPJ11
What does dimensions of arrays being concatenated are not consistent mean?
Answers
The error indicates that you were attempting to combine a row array and a column array. If you want people to try your code, you must specify the line number and attach the fig file.
What is an Array?A set of elements in an array are all uniquely identified by at least one array index or key. Arrays are a type of data structure used in computer science. A mathematical formula can use the index tuple of an element to determine where it is in an array.
The most fundamental type of data structure is a linear array, which is also referred to as a one-dimensional array. Ten 32-bit (4-byte) integer variables with indices 0 through 9 may be stored as an array at the memory addresses 2000, 2004, 2008,..., 2036, where the element with index I will be located at the location 2000 + I 4). The first element of an array is stored in memory at the first address, also known as the foundation address or base address.
To know more about Array visit:
brainly.com/question/27820133
#SPJ4
A formula might be used to add expenses in a spreadsheet. True False
i will mark brainlist
Answers
Answer:
the answer is true
Explanation:
Answer:
True
Explanation:
This answer is for anyone who has this question ⬇️
"A formula might be used to add expenses in a spreadsheet."
False
True
Do you have any tips for Edenuity?
Answers
display the array counts, 20 numbers per line with one space between each value.
Answers
To display the array counts, 20 numbers per line with one space between each value, you can use a programming loop.
For instance, in Python, you can use the following code:
```python
# Create an example array
array_counts = [i for i in range(1, 101)]
# Set the number of values per line and counter
values_per_line = 20
counter = 0
# Loop through the array_counts and display values
for value in array_counts:
print(value, end=" ")
counter += 1
if counter % values_per_line == 0:
print() # Move to the next line
```
In this code snippet, we first create an example array containing 100 numbers. We set the desired number of values per line (20) and initialize a counter. Then, we loop through the values in the array and print each one, followed by a space.
The 'end=" "' argument in the print function replaces the default newline character with a space. The counter is incremented each time a value is printed. When the counter reaches a multiple of the desired values per line (20), we move to the next line by printing a newline character. This process repeats until all values in the array are displayed with the specified formatting.
Learn more about python here:
https://brainly.com/question/31055701
#SPJ11
Which of the following is a feature of a utility program
a) It is unavailable to users
b) It is part of an integrated package
c) it is written by application users
d)it is considered to be systems software
Answers
The option that is a feature of a utility program is that it is considered to be systems software.
What is a utility program?Utility-programs are known to be any kind of program that carry out a particular task that is linked to the management of computer functions, resources, password protection, etc.
Some Features of Utility Software:
All the software can index folders and files in a matter of seconds. It often keep indexed records through database files, etc.Utility software are known to bee system software set up to help analyze, configure, optimize etc. on a system.
Learn more about utility program from
https://brainly.com/question/20659068
Sora is preparing a presentation describing policies included in President Lyndon Johnson’s "Great Society” and wants to use a relevant online source.
Which source is the most relevant for the presentation?
a]-an interview with history students about the “Great Society”
b]-a photograph of Johnson making his “Great Society” speech
c]-a chart describing the conditions that led to the “Great Society”
d]-an audio recording of Johnson’s “Great Society” speech
Answers
Answer:
Option d) is correct
Explanation:
To prepare a presentation describing policies included in President Lyndon Johnson’s "Great Society”, the most relevant source that Sora should use is an audio recording of Johnson’s “Great Society” speech.
An audio recording of Johnson’s “Great Society” speech can give a more proper clarification and information regarding policies included in President Lyndon Johnson’s "Great Society”.
So,
Option d) is correct
Answer:
the answer is D
Explanation:
I just took the quiz :)