The most accurate measurement is 1.1 g. Option A
What is accuracy?The term accuracy refers to the fact that the measurement is close to the true value. The closer the measurement is to the true value as given, the more accurate it is.
In this case, the true value of the mass of the sample of calcium carbonate is 1.134 g. Now we have to look at all the masses of as obtained by Emma during the experiment.
The most accurate measurement is 1.1 g. Option A
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Which is one piece of information that "9” gives about an atom of fluorine?
The atomic mass is different than the atomic number, and the number of neutrons is the difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number.
the atomic number
the atomic mass
the mass of protons
the number of neutrons
Answer:
The Atomic Number
Explanation:
I just need the answer
Answer:
\(M_{acid}=0.114M\)
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it is possible for us to firstly write the chemical equation whereby sulfuric acid is titrated with sodium hydroxide:
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Whereas the mole ratio of acid to base is 1:2 and therefore, the relationship between the volumes and molarities is:
\(2M_{acid}V_{acid}=M_{base}V_{base}\)
Thus, we solve for the required molar concentration of the acid as shown below:
\(M_{acid}=\frac{M_{base}V_{base}}{2V_{acid}} \\\\M_{acid}=\frac{0.100M*45.65mL}{2*20.00mL}\\\\M_{acid}=0.114M\)
Regards!
4. Which formula represents the binary molecular compound dinitrogen tetroxide?
O N₂0
ON₂04
O NO4
O N₂02
N₂0₄ is the formula represents the binary molecular compound dinitrogen tetroxide. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the binary molecular compound ?Binary molecular compounds are made up of exactly two nonmetal elements. HF, NO2, and P2O5 are a few examples. It is extremely simple to name binary molecular compounds. The first element is given its element name, followed by ide; the second element is given its root (hydr, bor, carb, ox, fluor, etc.).
In N₂0₄ molecule there are two nitrogen atoms at the suffix so, it is binary and in oxygen atom its suffix is 4 so, it is tetroxide. Therefore, N₂0₄ is the formula represents the binary molecular compound dinitrogen tetroxide.
Thus, option B is correct.
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What is the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 963.5 nm? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J · s
Answer:
\(E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J\)
Explanation:
Given that,
The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is 963.5 nm.
We need to find the energy of a photon with this wavelength.
The formula used to find the energy of a photon is given by :
\(E=\dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\\\\E=\dfrac{6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 3\times 10^8}{963.5\times 10^{-9}}\\\\E=2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J\)
So, the energy of a photon is \(2.06\times 10^{-19}\ J\).
A chemist needs to determine the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution by titration with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. He has a 0.1463 M
standard sodium hydroxide solution. He takes a 25.00 mL
sample of the original acid solution and dilutes it to 250.0 mL.
Then, he takes a 10.00 mL
sample of the dilute acid solution and titrates it with the standard solution. The endpoint was reached after the addition of 18.47 mL
of the standard solution. What is the concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution?
The concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution is 0.05398M
In order to determine the concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution, we use the volume of the standard sodium hydroxide solution used in the titration along with the concept of stoichiometry.
Let us check the number of moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) used in the titration,
Moles of NaOH = Molarity of NaOH x Volume of NaOH
=0.1463M x 18.47 mL
= 0.002699 Moles
As the balanced chemical equation between Sulfuric acid (\(H_SO_4\)) and sodium hydroxide is 1:2, then we can deduct that 1 mole of sulfuric acid can react with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide.
In that case, the number of moles of sulfuric acid in the 10.00 mL sample is;
Moles of \(H_2SO_4\) = 0.002699 Moles x (1/2)
= 0.0013495 Moles
Now we can calculate the concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution:
That is, the concentration of \(H_2SO_4\) = Moles of \(H_2SO_4\) / Volume of original acid solution
=0.0013495 Moles / 0.02500L
=0.05398 M
Therefore, the concentration of the original sulfuric acid solution is approximately 0.05398 M.
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In the electrolysis of water, the 50 cm3 of a gas is obtained at the anode. a. Write the chemical equation. b. What is the gas obtained at the anode? c. What is the volume of gas obtained at the anode?
a. The chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is:
2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
b. The gas obtained at the anode during the electrolysis of water is oxygen (O2).
c. The volume of gas obtained at the anode is 0.002232 moles or approximately 0.05 L of oxygen gas.
a. The chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is:
2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
b. The gas obtained at the anode during the electrolysis of water is oxygen (O2).
c. According to the balanced chemical equation, for every 2 moles of water (H2O) electrolyzed, 1 mole of oxygen gas (O2) is obtained. Since 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP), we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the volume of oxygen gas produced.
Given that 50 cm³ of gas is obtained at the anode, we need to convert this volume to liters:
50 cm³ = 50/1000 L = 0.05 L
Using the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation, we find that 2 moles of water produce 1 mole of oxygen gas. Therefore, 0.05 L of oxygen gas is equivalent to:
0.05 L × (1 mole/22.4 L) = 0.002232 moles
Thus, the volume of gas obtained at the anode is 0.002232 moles or approximately 0.05 L of oxygen gas.
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What is science? Answer for brainilest
Answer:
The importance of learning is that it helps the individual to acquire the necessary skills through learning and knowledge so that he can achieve his set goals. An important fact about learning is that it is a means to improve knowledge and gain skills that will help in reaching specific goals
Explanation:
The importance of learning is that it helps the individual to acquire the necessary skills through learning and knowledge so that he can achieve his set goals. An important fact about learning is that it is a means to improve knowledge and gain skills that will help in reaching specific goals
Milk of magnesia, which is an aqueous suspension of magnesium hydroxide, is used as an antacid in the reaction below. How many molecules of HCl would have to be present to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂?
Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 H₂O(l) + MgCl₂(aq)
Approximately 4.37 x 10^23 molecules of HCl would be required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂.
To determine the number of molecules of HCl required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂, we need to use the molar mass and stoichiometry of the balanced equation:
Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 H₂O(l) + MgCl₂(aq)
The molar mass of MgCl₂ is 95.21 g/mol.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of MgCl₂ formed:
Moles of MgCl₂ = mass of MgCl₂ / molar mass of MgCl₂
Moles of MgCl₂ = 34.52 g / 95.21 g/mol
Moles of MgCl₂ = 0.363 mol
According to the balanced equation, the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and MgCl₂ is 2:1. Therefore, the moles of HCl required can be calculated as follows:
Moles of HCl = 2 * Moles of MgCl₂
Moles of HCl = 2 * 0.363 mol
Moles of HCl = 0.726 mol
To calculate the number of molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.
Number of molecules of HCl = Moles of HCl * Avogadro's number
Number of molecules of HCl = 0.726 mol * 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol
Number of molecules of HCl = 4.37 x 10^23 molecules
Therefore, approximately 4.37 x 10^23 molecules of HCl would be required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂.
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what subshell has quantum numbers n =2 and l = 2?
The subshell with quantum numbers n=2 and l=2 is the 2D subshell.
What is quantum number?The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom are called quantum numbers.
There are four known quantum numbers, and they include:
principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin quantum numbers.The principal quantum number (n) indicates the energy level or shell of an electron, while the azimuthal quantum number (l) indicates the shape of the electron cloud or subshell.
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Which of the following is true about daughter cells?
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
They break down plant and animal remains and recycle the materials.
They limit the number of organisms living in the soil.
They provide food for herbivores and other consumers.
They begin a food chain by converting sunlight into chemical forms of energy.
Answer: A. They break down plant and animal remains and recycle the materials.
Explanation: Decomposers, such as bacteria, fungi, and certain insects, play a crucial role in the recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem. When plants and animals die, decomposers break down their remains into simpler organic matter, such as carbon dioxide, water, and minerals. This process is known as decomposition.
By breaking down organic matter, decomposers release nutrients back into the environment. These nutrients can then be absorbed by plants through their roots, allowing them to grow and thrive. In this way, decomposers contribute to the cycling of essential elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in the ecosystem.
Furthermore, decomposers help to maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem by preventing the accumulation of dead organic matter. If not decomposed, dead organisms would pile up, leading to the depletion of oxygen and the release of harmful substances.
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I need help figuring it out the answers were wrong I put in
Question:
Suppose you are asked to find the area of a rectangle that is 2.1-cm wide by 5.6-cm long. Your calculator answer would be 11.76cm2. Now suppose you are asked to give the answer to two significant figures. What is the answer?
Significant Digits:
The significant digits or figures of a number indicate the quantity of digits that are necessary to represent the number, or that are within the resolution of the device used for the measurement.
For example:
0.012 has 2 significant figures;
1.012 has 4 significant figures
For a ruler with 1mm resolution, 12.1250cm has 3 significant figures
Answer:
The answer is 12 cm^2
Explanation:
Assign R or S configuration to each chirality center in the following molecules. First assign the configuration of the chirality center closest to the top of the Fischer projection. Then give the configuration of the other chirality center. CO2H H2N CH2OH H3C -ОН. H3C -H H3C -H CH2CH3 OH 1st structure: Top chirality center Other chirality center: 2nd structure: Top chirality center Other chirality center:
Two chiral C atoms make up L-ascorbic acid. In the image, they are indicated with an asterisk.
1st structure: Top chirality center:0
Other chirality center:0
2nd structure: Top chirality center: R
Other chirality center: S
What are chiral centers and chirality?
Chiral centre: A chiral centre is an atom that has four distinct groups linked to it in a way that prevents a superimposable mirror image.
Chirality: Chirality is the quality of objects that prevents them from being superimposed on their mirror images.
A set of hands is an illustration of chirality.
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What is netiquette?
a computer game for chess players
none of these
the way you should act at basketball games
rules for how to behave online
Netiquette is the acting or the behavior to communicate on the internet or online. Thus, option D is accurate.
What is online etiquette?The behavior or the manners of good conduct on the internet platforms and social media exhibited by a person is the online etiquette.
The word netiquette is a combination of the word internet and etiquette, which means the manner or conduct on online or internet platforms.
Therefore, option D. rules and manners to behave online is the correct meaning of netiquette.
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The composition of a compound is 28.73% K, 1.48% H, 22.76% P, and 47.03% O. The molar mass of the
compound is 136.1 g/mol.
I
The compound has an empirical formula of \(K_2H_2P_2O_8\) and a molecular formula of \(K_2HPO_4\).
The given compound has a percent composition of K = 28.73%, H = 1.48%, P = 22.76%, and O = 47.03%. Its molar mass is 136.1 g/mol. To determine its molecular formula, we need to find its empirical formula and calculate its molecular formula from its empirical formula.The empirical formula is the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. It can be determined by converting the percent composition of the elements into their respective moles and dividing each by the smallest number of moles calculated. The moles of K, H, P, and O in 100 g of the compound are: K = 28.73 g x (1 mol/39.1 g) = 0.734 molH = 1.48 g x (1 mol/1.01 g) = 1.46 molP = 22.76 g x (1 mol/30.97 g) = 0.736 molO = 47.03 g x (1 mol/16.00 g) = 2.94 molDividing each by the smallest number of moles gives the following ratios: K = 0.734/0.734 = 1H = 1.46/0.734 = 2P = 0.736/0.734 = 1.002O = 2.94/0.734 = 4. The empirical formula of the compound is \(K_2H_2P_2O_8\). To calculate the molecular formula, we need to determine the factor by which the empirical formula should be multiplied to obtain the molecular formula. This can be done by comparing the molar mass of the empirical formula to the molar mass of the compound.The molar mass of \(K_2H_2P_2O_8\) is: \(M(K_2H_2P_2O_8)\) = (2 x 39.1 g/mol) + (2 x 1.01 g/mol) + (2 x 30.97 g/mol) + (8 x 16.00 g/mol) = 276.2 g/mol. The factor by which the empirical formula should be multiplied is: M(molecular formula)/M(empirical formula) = 136.1 g/mol/276.2 g/mol = 0.4935. The molecular formula is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula by this factor: \(K_2H_2P_2O_8 * 0.4935 = K_2HPO_4\). Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is \(K_2HPO_4\).The molecular formula of the given compound having a composition of 28.73% K, 1.48% H, 22.76% P, and 47.03% O with a molar mass of 136.1 g/mol is \(K_2HPO_4\). The empirical formula of the compound is \(K_2H_2P_2O_8\). The compound's molecular formula is calculated by determining the factor by which the empirical formula should be multiplied to obtain the molecular formula. The factor is M(molecular formula)/M(empirical formula) = 136.1 g/mol/276.2 g/mol = 0.4935. The molecular formula of the compound is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula by this factor, resulting in the molecular formula \(K_2HPO_4\).For more questions on empirical formula
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The correct question would be as
The composition of a compound is 28.73% K. 1.48% H, 22.76% P, and 47.03% O. The molar mass of the compound is 136.1 g/mol. What is the Molecular Formula of the compound?
\(KH_2PO_4\\KH_3PO_4\\K_2H_4P_20_{12}\\K_2H_3PO_6\)
the difference between Major purchase Consumer good
A major purchase refers to a high-cost item or service that is considered a significant investment for an individual or household, such as a car, home, or college education. Major purchases usually involve a large sum of money and require careful planning and consideration before a final decision is made.
Any item that a person or a household buys for their own use or consumption is called a consumer good. Durable and non-durable goods are two types of consumer goods that can be classified. Consumer goods are tangible items that people or households buy for their own use or consumption.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
The difference between Major purchase and Consumer good?
The pOH of a solution is 6.0. Which statement is correct?
Use pOH = -log[OH-] and PH+pOH = 14.
The pH of the solution is 20.0.
O The concentration of OH ions is 1.0 x 108 M.
The concentration of OH ions is 1.0 x 106 M.
O The pH of the solution is 8.0.
A
At pOH value of 6.0 the pH value of the following solution is 8.0 and the concentration of [\(H^{+}\) ] ion is \(10^{-8}\)
In this question we will apply the formula
pH +pOH = 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . .(1)
where pH = concentration of [\(H^{+}\) ] ion
pOH = concentration of [\(OH^{-}\) ] ion
As per the question
pOH =6.0
Putting the value of pOH in equation (1) we get the value of pH
pH + 6.0 =14
pH = 14 -6.0
pH = 8.0
The value of pH if the pOH value is 6.0 is 8.0
To find the concentration of \(H^{+}\) ion we will use the following formula
This is calculated by the formula
[\(H^{+}\)} = \(10^{-pH}\)
where we will write the values of pH
Hence the concentration of [\(H^{+}\)} ion is \(10^{-8}\)
Therefore at pOH of 6.0 the pH value of the following solution is 8.0 and the concentration of [\(H^{+}\) ] ion is \(10^{-8}\)
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The complete question is -
What is the pH value and concentration of [\(H^{+}\) ] ion of the following if the pOH value of the solution is 6.0 ?
combustion always result in to formation of water. what other type of reactions may result into formation of water? examples of these reactions
As combustion always result into the formation of water, the other type of reactions that may result into formation of water are Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions and Hydrogen and Oxygen Reaction.
Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions:
A neutralisation reaction is a chemical process in which an acid and a base combine to produce salt and water as the end products.
H⁺ ions and OH⁻ ions combine to generate water during a neutralisation reaction. Acid-base neutralisation is the most common type of neutralisation reaction.
Example: Formation of Sodium Chloride (Common Salt):
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Hydrogen and Oxygen Reaction:
Water vapour is created when hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) are combined directly. This reaction produces a lot of heat and releases a lot of energy.
Example: 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O
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The meaning of the word symptom:
The word "symptom" refers to a specific manifestation or indication of a condition, disease, or disorder that is experienced or observed by an individual.
Symptoms are subjective or objective changes in the body's normal functioning that may be recognized as abnormal, uncomfortable, or problematic. Symptoms can manifest in various ways depending on the nature of the underlying condition. They can be physical, such as pain, rash, cough, fever, or fatigue, indicating an illness or injury affecting the body. Symptoms can also be psychological, such as anxiety, depression, or confusion, reflecting disturbances in mental health.
Symptoms serve as important clues for medical professionals to identify and diagnose diseases or disorders. They provide valuable information about the nature, severity, and progression of an illness, helping healthcare providers formulate appropriate treatment plans. Additionally, symptoms may also be important for individuals to self-assess their own health status and seek appropriate medical attention.
It is essential to note that symptoms alone may not provide a definitive diagnosis, as they can overlap across different conditions. Further evaluation, including medical tests and examinations, is often necessary to confirm a diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action.
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A package of M&M's was placed in a Calorimeter that had 200.0g of water at 35.00°C. The sample was then ignited to release its energy. The
temperature of the water increased to 550.0°C. Calculate the number of food Calories (Cal) that are in the package of M&M's. Round your Calories
according to sig fig rules
Here the substance is water. So, we need to know the value of specific heat capacity of water to solve this question.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g° C.
This is the heat required to increase the temperature by one degree Celsius. To increase the temperature by 20 degree C, the heat required will be 2 times of 4.18 J/g° C.
The heat required to raise the temperature of n grams of a substance by m0C will be,
Let us rewrite the equation as,
q = mc Δ t
Where q is the heat required, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance and Δ t is the temperature difference.
Given that,
m = 200g
Δ t = 55° C – 35° C = 20° C
c = 4.18 J/g° C
Let us substitute the values:
q = 200*4.18*20
Hence the heat required is 16720J.
Converting it to kJ, the heat required to raise the temperature of 200 grams of water from 55° C to 35° C is 167 KJ.
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The number of food Calories (Cal) that are in the package of M&M's are
431000 Joules.
When we measure the temperature change of the calorimeter, we may use this equation to compute the heat released by a sample because the calorimeter is an instrument for which we are aware of (or can ascertain) its heat capacity.
When a liquid absorbs or loses energy, the temperature of the liquid varies.
In accordance with the formula
Q= mCΔT
m = 200g
ΔT = 550 - 35
ΔT = 515
C = 4.182 J/kg °C
Q is equal to 200 * 4182 * 515
Q = 430746 Joules.
Water has a 4,200 J/kg°C (joules per kilogram per degree Celsius) specific heat capacity. This indicates that 4,200 J are required to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C.
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will henry's law not be applicable if the solubility of the gas is very high
Answer:
No
Explanation:
Henry’s law is a gas law which states that at the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid when the temperature is kept constant. The constant of proportionality for this relationship is called Henry’s law constant (usually denoted by ‘kH‘). The mathematical formula of Henry’s law is given by:
P ∝ C (or) P = kH.C
Where,‘
P’ denotes the partial pressure of the gas in the atmosphere above the liquid.‘C’ denotes the concentration of the dissolved gas.‘kH’ is the Henry’s law constant of the gas.Limitations of Henry’s Law
This law is only applicable when the molecules of the system are in a state of equilibrium.Henry’s law does not hold true when gases are placed under extremely high pressure.The law is not applicable when the gas and the solution participate in chemical reactions with each other.When heated, calcium carbonate, CaCO3(s) , decomposes to calcium oxide, CaO(s) , and carbon dioxide, CO2 . Using relevant data from your book's appendices, calculate the heat evolved or consumed when 15.0 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed. answer: kJ
As per the standard data, the heat evolved during one mole of calcium carbonate decomposes is 177.8 KJ. Thus 15 g or 0.15 moles of calcium carbonate when decomposed will produce 26.67 KJ of heat.
What is reaction enthalpy?Reaction enthalpy of a substance is the heat evolved or absorbed during a reaction. Reaction enthalpy is negative for an exothermic reaction and positive for an endothermic reaction.
Molar mass of calcium carbonate = 100 g.
no.of moles in 15 g = 15 /100 = 0.15 moles.
One mole or 100 g of calcium carbonate decompose to evolve 177.8 KJ according to the scientific record.
Thus, heat evolved by the decomposition of 0.15 moles is 0.15 × 177.8 KJ = 26.67 KJ.
Hence, the heat evolved during the decomposition of 15 g of calcium carbonate is 26.67 KJ.
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A student combined two solutions of clear liquids in a test tube, after one minute a solid substance appeared in the test tube. Based on their observations, can the students correctly conclude that a chemical reaction occurred?
Question in picture
Question in picture
The correct answer is a sphybridisation in z coordinate.So to form sphybridisation we need a s orbital and a p orbital .
In genomics, hybridization is the process by which two complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule.The bonding is determined by the correct base pairing between the two single-stranded molecules. When one s and one p orbital in the same main shell of an atom combine to form two new equivalent orbitals, this is referred to as sphybridization.
The newly formed orbitals are known as sphybridized orbitals. It forms linear molecules with a 180° angle. Atomic orbitals include both s and p orbitals. These orbitals represent the most likely region in which we can find an electron of that atom. The primary distinction between s and p orbitals is that s orbitals are spherical in shape, whereas p orbitals are dumvell-shaped.So to form sp hybridisation we need a s orbital and a p orbital .
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What would the approximate age of an
igneous rock that contains only 1/4 of its
original carbon-14 (half-life of carbon is
5700 years)
Explanation:
Carbon-14 has a half life of 5730 years, meaning that 5730 years after an organism dies, half of its carbon-14 atoms have decayed to nitrogen atoms. Similarly, 11460 years after an organism dies, only one quarter of its original carbon-14 atoms are still around.
In an experiment to determine the density of a liquid, an error of no more than 5.0%
permitted. The true value for this density is 1.439 2 g/cm²
Complete question is;
In an experiment to determine the density of a liquid, an error of no more than 5.0% permitted. The true value for this density is 1.4392 g/cm²
What are the maximum and minimum values which a student may obtain to fall within the acceptable range.
Answer:
Maximum = 1.5112
Minimum = 1.3672
Explanation:
We are told the true value for the density is 1.4392 g/cm².
We are also told that the error should be no more than 5%(0.05).
This means the acceptable range of values would be;
1.4392 ± 0.05(1.4392)
This gives;
1.4392 + 0.05(1.4392) = 1.5112
Or
1.4392 - 0.05(1.4392) = 1.3672
Thus,
Maximum = 1.5112
Minimum = 1.3672
Suppose that a Normal model describes the acidity (pH) of rainwater, and that water tested after last week's storm had a z-score of 1.8. This means that the acidity of that rain Select one: A. had a pH 1.8 times that of average rainwater. B. had a pH of 1.8. C. had a pH 1.8 higher than average rainfall. D. had a pH 1.8 standard deviations higher than that of average rainwater.E. varied with a standard deviation of 1.8.
For the question asked, the correct option is (D) i.e. 1.8 standard deviations higher in pH than the typical rainfall.
A z-score is a measure of how many standard deviations a particular data point lies from the mean of a normal distribution. If the pH of the rainwater after last week's storm has a z-score of 1.8, this means that the acidity of the rain was 1.8 standard deviations higher than the mean acidity of average rainfall. It is important to note that the pH scale is logarithmic, so a change of one unit in pH represents a ten-fold change in acidity. Therefore, a change of 1.8 units in pH represents a ten-fold change raised to the power of 1.8, which is a substantial increase in acidity.
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Can H2 be broken down? (Not H)
Hello, this is Bing. I can help you with your question. Based on the information I found on the web, **H2** can be broken down into its two atoms of hydrogen (H) by supplying enough energy to overcome the bond that holds them together⁴. This process is called **dissociation** and requires an energy equal to or greater than the **dissociation energy** of H2, which is about 436 kJ/mol⁴.
One way to break down H2 is by using **electricity** to split water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) through a process called **electrolysis**¹. In this process, water is decomposed into its elements by passing an electric current through it. The electric current is provided by a battery or another source of electricity and the water needs to have an **electrolyte**, such as salt or acid, added to it to make it conductive¹. Two electrodes, usually made of metal or other conductive material, are inserted into the water and connected to the battery. The electrode connected to the positive terminal of the battery is called the **anode** and the one connected to the negative terminal is called the **cathode**¹. When the electric current flows through the water, hydrogen gas bubbles form at the cathode and oxygen gas bubbles form at the anode¹. The overall chemical reaction for electrolysis of water is:
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
Another way to break down H2 is by using **heat** to cause a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen that produces water and releases a large amount of energy. This reaction is called **combustion** or **oxidation** and can be ignited by a spark or a flame³. The reaction is very fast and explosive and can be dangerous if not controlled. The overall chemical reaction for combustion of hydrogen is:
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O
I hope this helps you understand how H2 can be broken down and what methods are used to do so.
Arrange the following three ionic compounds in the order of increasing lattice energy (from smallest lattice energy to largest lattice energy).
MgBr₂
MgO
KBr
The expected lattice energies, in increasing order, are MgO> MgBr2> KBr.
The ranking is related that the lattice energy being directly proportional to the strength of the ionic bond. If the bond is strong, the lattice energy would be high.
If the intermolecular force is strong, then the energy requires to break the bond would be greater. Thus, the lattice energy would be high.
MgO has the lowest lattice energy because it is the smallest and has the weakest attractive force between the ions. MgBr2 has a slightly higher lattice energy because the bromine ions are larger and have a stronger attractive force than the oxygen ions. KBr has the highest lattice energy because the potassium ions are larger than the bromine ions and have a stronger attractive force.
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