you have a 10x sb buffer solution. you need to dilute this buffer to 1x. how much volume (ml) of the 10x sb buffer do you need to add if the total volume would be 300ml?
Answers
Add 30 ml of 10x SB buffer solution to 270 ml of water to make a 1x solution.
To dilute a 10x SB buffer solution to 1x, you need to add a specific amount of the 10x buffer to water. In this case, you want to make a total volume of 300ml at a 1x concentration.
To do this, you need to add 30 ml of the 10x SB buffer to 270 ml of water.
This will give you a final concentration of 1x. It's important to note that when diluting a solution, you need to make sure to mix the solution thoroughly to ensure an even concentration throughout.
Additionally, labeling the container with the correct concentration and date is important for future use.
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We need to add 30 ml of the 10x SB buffer to the diluent to obtain a 1x concentration in a total volume of 300 ml.
How do we do this?To dilute a 10x SB buffer to a 1x concentration, you need to add 1 part of the 10x buffer to 9 parts of a diluent in most cases water.
We then find the volume of the 10x SB buffer we need to add:
Total volume = 300 ml
Diluent volume (9 parts) = 9/10 * 300 ml = 270 ml
Volume of 10x SB buffer = Total volume - Diluent volume
Volume of 10x SB buffer = 300 ml - 270 ml
Volume of 10x SB buffer = 30 ml
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Related Questions
Why can an individual be a carrier but not have the disorder?A) Because it is not expressedB) Because it does not effect the individual visiblyC) Because the individual received therapy to overcome the disorderD) Because the individual received surgery to get rid of the disorder
Answers
When a genetic disorder is not manifested means that even when is coded in the genes is not expressed, this can be due to a different factor, being the main reason that is a recessive gene masqued by the healthy dominant gene. Therefore the correct answer is letter A.
Help
Order them from top to bottom it’s the sun
Answers
Convection zone, radiative zone, and core. The Photosphere, Chromosphere, Transition Region, and Corona make up the outer layers.
What are the sun's three layers?The core, radiative zone, and convective zone are the three main regions that make up the Sun's interior. At the center is the core. The nuclear fusion events that provide the Sun its power take place in this hotter area. The radiative (or radiation) zone is the next in line as we move outside.
The sun has seven layers, right?The largest body in our solar system is the Sun. Three core layers and four exterior layers make up its seven layers. The outer layers are made up of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona, while the inner layers are made up of the core, radiative zone, and convection zone.
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Explain how is small intestine designed to absorb digested food.
Answers
The small intestine is designed with a large surface area, villi, and microvilli to maximize absorption of digested food efficiently.
The small intestine is a long, coiled tube that increases its surface area to effectively absorb nutrients from digested food. Its inner lining has millions of tiny, finger-like projections called villi, which in turn have microscopic hair-like structures called microvilli.
These structures significantly expand the surface area, allowing for greater absorption.
Additionally, the small intestine is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, each specialized for different aspects of absorption. The presence of enzymes and various transport proteins also aid in breaking down and transporting nutrients into the bloodstream.
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What part of your ear
communicates with your brain
to interpret sounds?
A. Auditory nerve
B. Cochlea
C. Ear canal
D. Eustachian tubes
Answers
Answer:
B. Cochlea
Explanation:
The inner ear translates vibrations into electrical signals. The electronic signals are carried into the brain by nerve cells called neurons via the cochlear nerve system.
Answer:
A. Auditory Nerve
Explanation:
Nerves carry electrical impulses to the brain, including auditory information.
Why did the dialysis bag gain weight?
Answers
The weight gain of a dialysis bag could be due to a number of reasons like 1) Fluid accumulation 2) Electrolyte balance 3) High blood pressure etc.
1. Fluid accumulation: During the dialysis procedure, fluid may have accumulated inside the dialysis bag, causing the bag to increase weight. This could happen if there are leaks in the bag or contaminants in the dialysis solution.
2. Electrolyte balance: Dialysis can change the patient's body's electrolyte balance, which can lead to fluid buildup in the dialysis bag.
3. High blood pressure: If the patient has high blood pressure, the dialysis bag may be filled with additional fluid.
4. Insufficient blood flow: If the dialysis bag's blood flow is insufficient, additional fluid may build up inside the bag, causing it to gain weight.
5. Machine error: The weight rise in the dialysis bag could be due to a machine error.
During the dialysis procedure, it's crucial to keep an eye on the weight of the dialysis bag and notify the healthcare practitioner of any major variations because they could point to a problem with the dialysis procedure.
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Match the components involved with ER transport with the appropriate cellular location. Locations can be used more than once, or not at all. Components: 1. signal-recognition signal 2. protein translocator 3. mRNA 4. SRP receptor 5. active site of signal peptidase Location:
A. cytosol B. ER lumen C. ER membrane
Answers
The components involved with ER transport matched with the appropriate cellular location is as follows:
1. signal-recognition signal - A. cytosol
2. protein translocator - C. ER membrane
3. mRNA - A. cytosol
4. SRP receptor - C. ER membrane
5. active site of signal peptidase - B. ER lumen
1. Signal-recognition signal (SRS) - located in the cytosol, it is responsible for recognizing and binding to the signal sequence on newly synthesized proteins.
2. Protein translocator - located in the ER membrane, it facilitates the movement of newly synthesized proteins from the cytosol to the ER lumen.
3. mRNA - located in the cytosol, it serves as the template for protein synthesis.
4. SRP receptor - located in the ER membrane, it binds to the signal recognition particle (SRP) and facilitates the transfer of the protein to the protein translocator.
5. Active site of signal peptidase - located in the ER lumen, it cleaves the signal sequence from the newly synthesized protein.
In summary, the components located in the A. cytosol are 1. signal-recognition signal and 3. mRNA. The components located in the B. ER lumen is the 5. active site of signal peptidase. Lastly, the components located in the C. ER membrane are 2. protein translocator and 4. SRP receptor.
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A garden contains 40 flowers, 30 of which are red. What is the frequency of red flowers?
Answers
Answer:
0.75
Explanation:
a frequency of 1.0 occurs when all the flowers are red
A garden that contains 40 flowers, 30 of which are red. Then, the frequency of red flowers is 75% of 1:3.
What is Frequency?Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as the temporal frequency for clarity, and is distinct from angular frequency. Frequency is usually measured in hertz (Hz) which is equal to one event per second.
Gene frequency is the fraction or percentage of a population which carries a particular allele at a particular gene locus. In this case, a garden has 40 flowers, in which 30 are red.
Therefore, the frequency of red flowers = Number of red flowers/ Total number of flowers
The frequency of red flowers = 30/ 40 = 75% or 1/3
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A variety of media and culture conditions can be used to culture and identify Listeria monocytogenes. For each, characterize it as selective or differential.
-Incubate at 30 degrees C
-Adding antibioics, such as nalidixic acid
-Adding high concentrations of salts, such as lithium chloride
-Adding antifungals, such as amphotericin B
-Detecting beta-hemolysis
-Adding a pH indicator to detect fermentation of rhamnose to acid
Answers
A bacterium species called Listeria monocytogenes can make people sick from eating.
The selective media PALCAM agar and Oxford agar, as well as the differential medium blood agar, are frequently employed to cultivate and identify Listeria monocytogenes.
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes can be cultured and identified using a variety of medium and culture conditions, each of which can be classified as selective or differential.
PALCAM Agar: To isolate Listeria monocytogenes from food samples, PALCAM Agar is frequently used. It is a selective and differential medium.Oxford Agar: Listeria monocytogenes can also be isolated from clinical samples and food using this selective and differentiating media.Blood agar: Listeria monocytogenes is one of the many bacteria that may be cultured on blood agar, which is a differentiating medium. It includes sheep's blood, which supplies nutrients for bacterial growth and also makes it possible to identify specific bacterial traits.Listeria monocytogenes can be found in clinical samples using the selective media known as Fraser broth.
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The graph shows the percentages of different types of lightbulbs shipped to
consumers in North America over three years.
Answers
Fluorescent light bulbs made up the majority of the lightbulbs supplied to households in North America during the course of three years, as shown on the graph.
How does fluorescent refer to in terms of lighting?Fluorescent lamps, often referred as fluorescent tubes, are low-pressure mercury-vapor gas discharge lamps that emit visible light by fluorescence. Mercury vapor is excited by a current flow in the gas to produce short-wave ultraviolet light, which illuminates a phosphor covering inside the lamp.
What causes something to fluoresce?An object's ability to absorb light at one wavelengths and then reemit it at a different wavelength is known as fluorescence. A molecule is referred to as a chromophore if it fluoresces, or absorbs about one wavelength then emits it at another.
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Injuries sustained by continuous and repetitive movements of a body part are called:______.
Answers
The answer is Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).
Injuries sustained by continuous and repetitive movements of a body part are called Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).
What is Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).
Damage to your muscles, tendons, or nerves from repetitive motions and continuous use is known as a repetitive strain injury. Another name for them is repeated stress injuries.
Repeated strain injuries are fairly frequent and often have an impact on your:
Thumbs and fingers.Wrists.Elbows.Arms.Shoulders.Knees.Repetitive motion or activity until it begins to affect your body can lead to repetitive strain injuries, as the name implies. Any movement, whether it be playing an instrument or typing on a computer at work, can result in a repetitive strain injury if done too frequently.
You can treat the majority of repetitive stress injuries at home.
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Simple biology question fellas
Answers
The quantity of food on hand is what will most likely push a population over its carrying capacity. The correct answer is the option: 3.
The demand for resources like food also rises as a species' population grows. The population growth rate slows down and stabilizes at its carrying capacity when the supply of food hits its limit. Although diseases, migration, and natural disasters can all have an impact on population dynamics, they are less likely to result in a population exceeding its carrying capacity because they have no direct impact on the amount of food that is available. Hence option 3 is correct.
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--The complete Question is, which of the following factor most likely caused the population level to reach carrying capacity?
1. natural disaster
2. diseases
3. amount of food
4. Migration--
Is lactose a monosaccharide disaccharide or polysaccharide?.
Answers
Answer: Lactose is a disaccharide
Explanation:
If a cell with 42 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
Answers
Answer:
42
Explanation:
If a cell has 42 pairs of chromosomes (n = 42), it has 84 chromosomes (2n = 84). At the end of mitosis, the two daughter cells will be exact copies of the original cell. Each daughter cell will have 84 chromosomes. At the end of meiosis II, each cell (i.e., gamete) would have half the original number of chromosomes, that is, 42 chromosomes.
A simple example is↓
The parent cell of 10 chromosomes will end up becoming two daughter cells that each have a copy of those 10 chromosomes.
The important fact about mitosis is that the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. The daughter cells will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
If a cell with 42 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, the equal 42 chromosomes will each daughter cell have.
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division).
Before a cell divides it undergoes DNA replication. As a cell enters mitosis, double-stranded chromosomes fuse from the replicated DNA. A cell having 42 chromosomes will have 42 double-stranded chromosomes entering mitosis. Upon completion of cell division, each daughter cell will receive 42 single-stranded chromosomes, as double-stranded chromosomes are pulled apart during mitosis.
Therefore, if a cell with 42 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, the equal 42 chromosomes will each daughter cell have.
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True or false
Plants use energy from the sun to produce carbon dioxide and sugars???
Carbon dioxide is ether wrong or right
Answers
the area shaded in orange receives blood supply from the __________.
Answers
The area shaded in orange receives blood supply from the right coronary artery.
Right coronary artery is the one that originates from the right cusp of the aortic valve. The artery is known to supply blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) as well as the AV (atrioventricular) nodes.
Sinoatrial node is known to be the natural pacemaker of the heart. It is also known by the name sinus node. It is located on the epicardium wall of the right atrium. It is responsible for generating an electrical impulse which spreads out signals to the complete heart.
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Which of the following best explains why what we know about cells is called a theory and not a law? (4 points) a We do not have enough evidence yet to call cell theory a law. b We have not reviewed cell behavior enough yet to call it a law. c Cell theory is still changing but may eventually become a law. d Cell theory explains cell behavior where a law would describe it.
Answers
Cell theory explains cell behavior where a law would describe it explains about cells is called a theory and not a law.
What do you mean by cell theory?Cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Everything that lives is made up of cells. The second part of cell theory was that new cells are formed from preexisting cells. The third part is that all cells are similar. Finally, cells are the most basic units of life.
The cell theory, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology.
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question 11 which is true regarding niacin? a) it can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. b) eggs are a good source of preformed niacin. c) the niacin deficiency disease is beriberi. d) corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies.
Answers
a) it can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.
The water-soluble vitamin niacin, sometimes referred to as vitamin B3, is crucial for a number of metabolic activities in the body. Tryptophan, an amino acid, may be used by the body to create it. Iron, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 are among the other nutrients needed for this conversion. Although eggs do contain some niacin, they are not regarded as a significant source of niacin in its preformed form. Pellagra, not beriberi (which is brought on by thiamine deficiency), is the name of the niacin deficient illness. Since it is a staple food with little dietary variety, maize does not protect against niacin deficiencies and may even make people more susceptible to pellagra.
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The nearsighted person, and describe what the basic optical problem is, and how it can be corrected. Using the terms near or far
associated with the retina, and either a diverging or converging lens,
describea way to help remember which type of lens corrects this defect.
Be sure to include which case you are describing in the subject line.
*please typed the answer
Answers
Correction of Nearsightedness (Myopia) using a Diverging Lens
Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is a common refractive error of the eye that affects a person's ability to see distant objects clearly. In myopia, the basic optical problem lies in the excessive focusing power of the eye, causing the focal point to fall in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This results in distant objects appearing blurry or out of focus.
To correct nearsightedness, a diverging lens is used. A diverging lens is a concave lens that causes light rays to spread out or diverge. When placed in front of the nearsighted eye, the diverging lens helps to decrease the focusing power of the eye by further diverging the incoming light rays before they enter the eye. This adjustment allows the focal point to move backward, aligning it with the retina, and allowing distant objects to be seen more clearly.
To remember which type of lens corrects this defect, we can associate the terms "nearsighted" and "diverging." Since a diverging lens spreads out light rays, it helps to correct the focusing problem associated with nearsightedness. The idea of "diverging" aligns with the goal of moving the focal point backward, away from the eye, and closer to the retina.
In summary, nearsightedness (myopia) is corrected by using a diverging lens, which reduces the focusing power of the eye and allows the focal point to align with the retina. The association between "nearsighted" and "diverging" can help remember that a diverging lens is the appropriate choice for correcting this particular refractive error.
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Atoms are the most basic unit of matter. Two or more atoms from the same or different elements can combine to form molecules.
Cells are the most basic unit of life. Cells are made up of many different types of molecules. Which of the following accurately shows higher levels of organization within organisms, from least complex to most complex?
A. cells → organs → organ systems → tissues → organism
B. cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism
C. cells → organ systems → organs → tissues → organism
D. cells → organs → tissues → organ systems → organism
-IF POSSIBLE PLS EXPLAIN Y THE OTHER ANSWERS ARE INCORRECT-
Answers
The order is the biggest of them
Cell is first , than the organs, then the organ system, then tissue, to the smallest which is organism
Natural selection lab report. WILL GIVE 100 POINTS guide and info included.
Answers
potanginaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Answer:
potangina
Explanation:
satellites primarily collect data regarding ______ properties.
Answers
Satellites primarily collect data regarding Earth's properties. The physical properties include things like land cover, ocean temperature, atmospheric composition, and many others.
The data collected by satellites is used for a wide range of applications, from weather forecasting and natural resource management to national security and disaster response. Satellites have revolutionized our ability to study and understand the Earth's physical processes, and their importance will only continue to grow in the years to come.
Satellites orbiting the Earth are equipped with various sensors and instruments that allow them to collect data on different aspects of the Earth's properties. These properties may include atmospheric conditions, oceanic temperatures, land cover, and various other environmental and geophysical factors. This information is crucial for monitoring climate change, natural disasters, and supporting various scientific research endeavors.
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A fragment of a wild-type polypeptide is sequenced for seven amino acids. The same polypeptide region is sequenced in four mutants. Wild-type N . . . Thr-His-Ser-Gly-Leu-Lys-Ala . . . C polypeptide Mutant 1 N . . . Thr-His-Ser-Val-Leu-Lys-Ala . . . C Mutant 2 N. . . Thr-His-Ser-C Mutant 3 N . . . Thr-Thr-Leu-Asp-C Mutant 4 N . . . Thr-Gln-Leu-Trp-Ile-Glu-Gly . . . C 1. Identify the mutation that produces Mutant 1. 2. Identify the mutation that produces Mutant 2. 3. Identify the mutation that produces Mutant 3. 4. Identify the mutation that produces Mutant 4.
Answers
Here's the analysis of each mutant:
1. To identify the mutation that produces Mutant 1 (Thr-His-Ser-Val-Leu-Lys-Ala), compare it to the wild-type polypeptide (Thr-His-Ser-Gly-Leu-Lys-Ala). The mutation is a single amino acid substitution, where Gly is replaced with Val.
2. To identify the mutation that produces Mutant 2 (Thr-His-Ser-C), compare it to the wild-type polypeptide. The mutation is a deletion that removes the last four amino acids (Gly-Leu-Lys-Ala) from the fragment.
3. To identify the mutation that produces Mutant 3 (Thr-Thr-Leu-Asp-C), compare it to the wild-type polypeptide. The mutation involves two amino acid substitutions: His is replaced with Thr, and Ser is replaced with Asp.
4. To identify the mutation that produces Mutant 4 (Thr-Gln-Leu-Trp-Ile-Glu-Gly), compare it to the wild-type polypeptide. There are three amino acid substitutions: His is replaced with Gln, Ser is replaced with Trp, and Lys is replaced with Ile.
In summary:
Mutant 1: Gly to Val substitution.
Mutant 2: Deletion of the last four amino acids.
Mutant 3: His to Thr and Ser to Asp substitutions.
Mutant 4: His to Gln, Ser to Trp, and Lys to Ile substitutions.
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when you’re repositioning a patient up or down in bed, an effective method to maintain proper body mechanics is to:
Answers
When repositioning a patient up or down in bed, an effective method to maintain proper body mechanics is to bend your knees, keep your back straight, and use your leg muscles to lift and move the patient.
By bending your knees and keeping your back straight, you can prevent strain on your lower back muscles. Using your leg muscles, which are generally stronger than your back muscles, helps you safely lift and move the patient while reducing the risk of injury. Additionally, maintaining proper body mechanics is important to ensure both the caregiver's and patient's safety and comfort.
Repositioning a patient requires using proper body mechanics, such as bending your knees, keeping your back straight, and relying on your leg muscles, to ensure a safe and effective transfer while minimizing the risk of injury to both the caregiver and patient.
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Elijah is preparing for a test on animal cycles. he needs to remember how some animals go through metamorphoses. which animal would be an example of an animal that goes through metamorphosis?
Answers
Answer:
A grasshopper
Explanation:
The options you were given are the following:
CoyoteSea TurtleGrasshopperNurse SharkIn biology, metamorphosis is a process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, dramatically changing its appearance.
An example of an animal that goes through metamorphosis is a grasshopper. However, unlike the butterfly, which goes through the caterpillar (larva) stage, the grasshopper goes through incomplete metamorphosis. This type of metamorphosis consists of three stages: the egg, the nymph, and the adult.
You can see the life cycle of a grasshopper below:
Answer:The frog and the ladybug go through a metamorphosis. The ladybug larva looks like a completely different insect from its final adult form. The frog goes through a tadpole stage in which it lives underwater, and then develops into a frog that can live on land.
Explanation:
In a mendelian monohybrid cross, which generation is always completely heterozygous?
A. F1 generation
B. F2 generation
C. F3 generation
D. nNone of the above
Answers
In a mendelian monohybrid cross, F1 generation is always completely heterozygous. Option A is Correct.
The progeny comprise the initial filial (F1) generation. The phenotype of the F1 generation expresses the dominant characteristic and each member of the F1 generation is heterozygous. The second filial (F2) generation is created by crossing two F1 individuals. F1 hybrids, often known as monohybrids, are the progeny of a cross between purebred, homozygous parental stocks.
All of the hybrids in the F1 generation resembled the parent with the dominant feature. When both parents have the heterozygous (or hybrid) allele for a single (mono) characteristic, the result is a monohybrid cross. The pea plant's feature may be the color of its petals. Option A is Correct.
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What are the phagocytic specialists?
a. basophils and monocytes
b. basophils and erythrocytes
c. neutrophils and eosinophils
d. neutrophils and macrophages
e. eosinophils and macrophages
Answers
The Phagocytic specialists are neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.
What is Phagocyte?A phagocyte is a special kind of cell that can take in and occasionally digest foreign substances like bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye. By producing vacuoles (cytoplasmic extensions that resemble feet) around the foreign particle, it engulfs foreign materials by extending its cytoplasm into pseudopods. While the bacteria are still inside the vacuole, where digestion occurs, phagocyte enzymes are produced, protecting the phagocyte from any poisons that may be present in the ingested bacteria.Monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophilic leukocytes (microphages), two different subtypes of white blood cells, are phagocytic. Small, granular leukocytes known as neutrophils soon appear at the site of a wound. About three days after infection, monocytes start to appear.They are bigger cells with a large, kidney-shaped nucleus that scavenge for bacteria.
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Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while it is folding into its functional form?.
Answers
Answer: Chaperonins
Explanation:
Chaperonins shield proteins from "bad influences" while they are folding into their functional forms.
Give an example of a negative feedback loop.
Answers
Which behavior is both territorial and used for courtship?
1.) baring teeth as a sign of aggression 2.) sparring or wrestling using antlers or horns
3.) dance rituals with potential partners
4.)defending a nest from predators
Answers
Answer:
2.) sparring or wrestling using antlers or horns
Explanation:
Territorial behavior is defined as the animal behavior in which animals protect their territory from other species.
Courtship behavior is defined as the animal behavior that is involved in mating and eventual reproduction.
Sparring or wrestling using antlers or horns is both territorial and used for courtship. Many animals or males uses their antlers or horns for wrestling or to fight with other animals to protect their territory while some males are involved in ritualized mating behaviors that include antler wrestling (sparring). The loud vocalizations during antler wrestling show the dominance of males that females and leads to mating.
Hence, the correct answer is "2.) sparring or wrestling using antlers or horns".
2) O DNA e o RNA são os quais se formam a partir de Estes são constituídos por um ácido fosfórico, um açúcar e uma base nitrogenada. No DNA, o açúcar constituinte é a enquanto que no RNA é a Três das cinco bases nitrogenadas existentes são encontradas em ambos: a adenina, a guanina e a citosina. A base nitrogenada que ocorre apenas no e a que ocorre apenas no RNA é a DNA é a Qual das alternativas abaixo completa corretamente as lacunas da frase anterior? A)Acidos nucleicos; nucleotídeos; desoxirribose; ribose; timina; uracila. B)Nucleotideos; ácidos nucleicos; ribose; desoxirribose, timina; uracila. C)Acidos nucleicos; nucleotideos; ribose; desoxirribose; uracila; timina. D)Nucleotideos, ácidos nucleicos, ribose; desoxirribose; uracila; timina. E)Acidos nucleicos; nucleotídeos; desoxirribose; ribose; uracila; timina. MATEMATICA (MARCIA)
Answers
Answer:
E) Nucleic acids; nucleotides; deoxyribose; ribose; uracil; thymine.
Explanation:
Os dois tipos de ácidos nucléicos são DNA e RNA, eles são formados a partir de nucleotídeos. O açúcar no DNA é a desoxirribose, enquanto no RNA é o açúcar ribose. A sequência de bases nitrogenadas para o DNA é adenina, tiamina, cinina e gianina, enquanto para o RNA é uracila, cinina e gianina.