Why are viruses considered to be non-living
Answers
They are not made of cells and they cannot reproduce on their own.
Related Questions
A technologist repeatedly misses tubercle bacilli when examining stained smears for acid-fast bacilli. What plan of action should the supervisor first take to correct this problem
Answers
The supervisor should **review the technologist's technique** and **provide additional training** to improve their ability to detect tubercle bacilli in acid-fast stained smears.
In order to correct this issue, the supervisor should first observe the technologist's current technique for examining stained smears, identifying any areas for improvement. Next, the supervisor should provide additional training and resources on **acid-fast staining procedures** and **microscopic examination**. This may include discussing proper sample preparation, staining techniques, and the characteristics of tubercle bacilli in stained smears. Regular feedback and quality control checks should also be implemented to ensure that the technologist is consistently identifying tubercle bacilli in future examinations. By addressing the root cause of the problem and providing targeted support, the supervisor can help the technologist improve their accuracy in detecting tubercle bacilli.
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Starting with pyruvate to make acetyl-CoA and continuing into the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, how many ATP can be made from 1 molecule of pyruvate
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - 15 ATPs.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration (aerobic) is the process that involves glycolysis, oxidative decarboxylation, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation or ETS to breakdown one molecule of glucose in order to generate energy in ATPs. Pyrivate is the end product of glycolysis and it is go to form acetyl CoA.
One molecule of pyruvate genrates 1 molecule of FADH2, four molecules of NADH, and 1 molecule of ATP during oxidative decarboxylation and citric acd cycle. During the oxidation in the electron transport system there is 4 molecules of NADH2, 1 molecule of FADH2, and 12 (4×3) ATP molecules, respectively by oxidation in the electron transport system (ETS).
Thus, there would be 15 molecules of ATPs produce by one molecule of pyruvate.
Refer to Animation: Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion. Cells of the excretory tubule _________water by osmosis, from which we can conclude that the solute concentration in these cells must be _________ than in the filtrate.
Answers
Answer:
Remove and lower.
Explanation:
Cells of the excretory tubule remove water by osmosis, from which we can conclude that the solute concentration in these cells must be lower than in the filtrate. The excretory tubule remove excess amount of water from the cell through semi permeable membrane of the cell while on the other hand, the solute concentration in the cell is lower as compared to filtrate so that's why it can't diffuse from the cell by the process of osmosis.
Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more commonly expressed in ________
Answers
What components of the electron transport pathway are associated with Complex IV?
(Select all that apply.)
o NADH
o Coenzyme Q
o Cytochrome b
o Cytochrome a
o FADH2
o Flavin mononucleotide
o Cytochrome c
Answers
Cytochrome a and Cytochrome b are the two components of the electron transport pathway that are associated with Complex IV. The correct option is Cytochrome b and Cytochrome a.
What is the electron transport pathway?
The electron transport chain is a set of redox reactions that convert NADH and FADH2 into ATP. This occurs in the mitochondria and is a vital element of cellular respiration. Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to a series of electron acceptors in the electron transport chain through a chain of redox reactions. Energy is produced during this process, which is used to create ATP.
What is Complex IV?
Complex IV is the fourth complex in the electron transport chain. It is also known as cytochrome c oxidase. This is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which helps to reduce oxygen to water. The reduction of oxygen to water is a fundamental part of oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs as a result of the electron transport chain.
Electron transport chain:
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of reactions that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The components of ETC in order from NADH to O2 are: NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase (Complex I), Coenzyme Q (CoQ), Succinate-CoQ oxidoreductase (Complex II), Cytochrome bc1 (Complex III), Cytochrome c, Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV), and O2.
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As a general rule, _____, which transport water in _____, have a potentially higher transpiration rate than _____, which transport water in _____.
Answers
The rule is, that the part of the plant which transports water in higher concentration will have a potentially higher transpiration rate than the parts of the plant which transport water in a lower concentration.
What is Transpiration?This refers to the mechanism through which plants intake and evaporate water from and back into the environment.
Please note that water loss occurs most from the leaves of the plants. The stomata of the plant are responsible for controlling water loss or leaf transpiration.
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When storm clouds produce lightning and thunder,
electric potential
energy changes to
energy and
energy.
Answers
Explain and provide an example of the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Answers
Answer:
Cellular Respiration uses the product of photosythesis.
Explanation:
In plants, photosynthesis serves to create glucose. Glucose is the main reactant needed for cellular respiration. So once the plant makes glucose, it then uses glucose, oxygen, and water to complete cellular respiration and produce adenosine tri-phosphate.
How does change in pH affect an ezyme?
Answers
Answer:
Changing the pH will affect the charges on the amino acid molecules. Amino acids that attracted each other
Answer:
Changes in pH affects an enzyme because the level of acidity or alkalinity in enzymes varies, therefore enzymes tend to support one aspect of the pH.
Identify the key characteristic of lipids that enables them to keep unwanted substances from penetrating unwanted cell membranes
Answers
The key characteristic of lipids that enables them to keep unwanted substances from penetrating unwanted cell membranes is its amphipathic nature.
Cell membrane are the outer protective layer of cell that separates the components of cell from the outer environment as well as regulates the traffic that comes into or leaves the cell. It is made up of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Amphipathic nature is dual behavior where a molecules behaves as hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic. Lipid is an example of amphipathic molecule where the head of the lipid is hydrophilic whereas the tails are hydrophobic. This nature prevents the entry of various unwanted substances into the cell.
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The first step in the diagnostic process is:_________
a. a physical exam.
b. taking medical tests.
c. a medical history.
d. a second opinion.
Answers
The first step in the diagnostic process is a physical exam. So, the correct option is (A).
What is Diagnostic Process?
Diagnostic Process is the process of determining the disease or condition which explains a person's symptoms and signs. It is commonly called as diagnosis with the medical context being implicit.
Several steps are followed in diagnostic process:-
1. History of symptoms and collecting data.
2. Physical examination.
3. Generating a provisional diagnosis.
4. Testing
5. Reaching a final diagnosis.
6. Consultation
It is a complex transition process which begins with the patient's individual illness history and culminates in a result which can be categorized.
Thus, the first step in the diagnostic process is a physical exam. So, the correct option is (A).
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The earliest atmosphere on earth was composed of
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
B. Carbon dioxide steam nitrogen nothing and ammonia
C. Hydrogen and helium
Answers
Carbon dioxide, steam (water vapor), nitrogen, and small amounts of ammonia and methane from volcanic activity.
C is correct one
Explanation:
Hydrogen and helium
Specify the coordinate system (Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical) you would use, along with any relevant assumptions, when modeling transport processes in each of the following scenarios: loss of energy through a flat double-pane window C. transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells the fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug d. dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person the velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore f. heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand e
Answers
The rectangular coordinate system is another name for the Cartesian coordinate system. It is a system used in geometry that employs coordinates to establish the location of a geometric component (such a point, for instance). Each location in this system is described by two numerical coordinates.
The following coordinate systems are used in each of the given scenarios:
A. Loss of energy through a flat double-pane window Cartesian coordinate system is used to model transport processes in the scenario of energy loss through a flat double-pane window. The major assumptions include that the process is symmetrical, the heat transfer coefficient is uniform, and the heat transfer is two-dimensional.
B. Transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells Spherical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells. The assumptions include that the rate of oxygen transfer is uniform, the cells are symmetrical, and the diffusivity of oxygen is constant.
C. Fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug cylindrical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes of fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug. The assumptions include that the flow is two-dimensional, the flow is symmetrical, and the viscosity of the fluid is constant.
D. Dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person Cartesian coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person. The assumptions include that the surface temperature is uniform, the surface is symmetrical, and the heat transfer coefficient is uniform.
E. Heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand cylindrical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes of heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand. The assumptions include that the flow is two-dimensional, the flow is symmetrical, and the viscosity of the fluid is constant.
F. Velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore Spherical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore. The assumptions include that the waves are symmetrical, and the diffusivity is constant.
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Use arrows and key terms such as "red blood cells," "oxygen," and "EPO" to describe how high-altitude training helps athletes improve their performance at lower altitudes.
Answers
Answer:
Due to increase red blood cells.
Explanation:
High-altitude training helps athletes to improve their performance at lower altitude because high altitude increases the concentration of red blood cells in the blood. Due to training on high-altitude, the concentration of red blood cell increases in the blood which also increases the consumption of oxygen so when the athletes perform at lower altitude, the more amount of red blood cells in the blood provides natural boost to the muscle due to consumption of more oxygen by the muscle cells.
Triangle XYZ is a scale drawing of triangle ABC. Triangle ABC has side lengths 3, 4, & 5. Triangle XYZ has corresponding side lengths x, 12, & 15. What is the value of x?
Answers
Answer:
x = 9
Explanation:
∆ABC is similar to ∆XYZ
Therefore:
AB = 4
XY = 12
BC = 3
YZ = x
Plug in the values
Cross multiply
4x = 36
Divide both sides by 4
x = 9
Scientists warn that rising CO2 levels will have what effect on the Earth?Acause sea levels to dropBtrap heat in the atmosphere causing the greenhouse effectCcause acid rainDspeed up the next ice age
Answers
Scientists warn that rising CO2 levels will have the effect of trapping heat in the atmosphere causing the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas
meaning that it traps heat in the atmosphere and causes global temperatures to rise. As humans burn fossil fuels and engage in other activities that release carbon into the atmosphere, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. This rise in CO2 levels has already caused a measurable increase in global temperatures, and scientists warn that it could have devastating effects on the Earth's climate, including rising sea levels, more severe weather events, and increased risks to ecosystems and human societies. Therefore, it is essential to reduce greenhouse effect gas emissions and find alternative sources of energy to mitigate the impacts of rising CO2 levels.
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why is the glucagon not able to compensate for decreasing blood sugar levels
Answers
Glucagon is not able to compensate for decreasing blood sugar levels due to various factors, including insulin resistance, impaired glucagon secretion, and dysfunction in the liver's response to glucagon.
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It acts opposite to insulin, promoting the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. However, in certain conditions, glucagon may not be able to compensate for decreasing blood sugar levels.
One factor contributing to this is insulin resistance, a condition commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. In insulin resistance, the body's cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin, leading to impaired glucose uptake. This can make it challenging for glucagon to counteract decreasing blood sugar levels because the cells are not effectively utilizing the glucose released by the hormone.
Another factor is impaired glucagon secretion. In some cases, the pancreas may not produce adequate amounts of glucagon or may release it inappropriately. This can disrupt the normal balance between insulin and glucagon and hinder the ability of glucagon to raise blood sugar levels.
Additionally, dysfunction in the liver's response to glucagon can limit its compensatory action. The liver is responsible for releasing glucose into the bloodstream when stimulated by glucagon. However, liver dysfunction, such as fatty liver disease or liver damage, can impair its ability to respond appropriately to glucagon, resulting in inadequate glucose release and ineffective compensation for decreasing blood sugar levels.
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A couple has a daughter with Turner syndrome, a condition in which only a single copy of the X chromosome is present. This results from nondisjunction, the failure of the X chromosome to segregate properly during meiosis. During which meiotic division, and in which parent, could nondisjunction have occurred to produce a child with this condition
Answers
Turner syndrome (XO) in women have to give up end result from non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II.
Meiosis II withinside the mother, wherein she may be capable of produce 50% eggs having 2X chromosomes at the same time as the rest 50% will now now not have any X chromosome. When the latter type (O) of eggs fuse with the X chromosome containing sperms paperwork the father, it will be a XO genotype female with Turners syndrome Another possibility is non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II withinside the father. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, making haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes. There are divisions in meiosis; the primary department is meiosis I: the quantity of cells is doubled however the quantity of chromosomes is not. This consequences in half of of as many chromosomes in line with cell. The 2d department is meiosis II: this department is like mitosis; the quantity of chromosomes does not get reduced.
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Amoeba sisters video recap traveling molecules
Answers
Answer: The answer is facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion , facilitated diffusion , active transport and simple diffusion.
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport in which the ions or the molecules moce or trasported across the biological membrane via transmembrane integral protein or protein channels and they do not need the ATP as energy whereas in simple diffusion the movement of ions and the molecules takes place but without the help of any kind of proteins and it happens through the semi permeable membrane and lastly the active transport is the movement of ions and molecules against the concerntration gradient and requires energy by hydrolysis of ATP and uses it .
In first case the aquaporins are used which are transport channels or helper proteins so it a passive transport but facilitated by proteins so is facilitated diffusion.
In second case it is simple diffusion because due to the smaller size of water molecules the they move and doesn't require any kind of help while doing so.
In third case as the movement is down the gradient and the molecules are charged so is an example of facilitated diffusion.
In the fourth case as the inward movement of glucose is needed and to move from inside the cell to outside the cell it is against the concerntration gradient so it will require the ATP hence is active transport.
In the fifth case as glucose is already in high amount so can easily diffuse inside the cell hence is simple diffussion.
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In peas, a gene for tall plants (T) is dominant over its allele for short plants (t). The gene for smooth peas (S) is dominant over its allele for wrinkled peas (s). The genes are not linked. Calculate both phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the results of each of the following crosses: a. TtSs x TtSs b. Ttss x ttss c. ttSs x Ttss
Answers
a. TtSs x TtSs: There is a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the phenotypic ratio and a 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 genotypic ratio in the F2 generation.
b. Ttss x ttss: All progeny are heterozygous and have a 1:1 genotypic ratio. The phenotypic ratio is 1:1, with all smooth peas.
c. ttSs x Ttss: The genotypic ratio is 1:1:1:1, and the phenotypic ratio is 1:1:1:1. All the offspring will be smooth and either tall or short in this case.
a) Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which is represented by the letters used to identify the alleles of the genes. Phenotype refers to the physical characteristics of an organism, which is determined by its genotype as well as environmental factors.
b) The dominant gene (represented by a capital letter) is the allele that determines the phenotype of a heterozygous organism, while the recessive gene (represented by a lowercase letter) is the allele that does not influence the phenotype of a heterozygous organism.
c) A Punnett square can be used to calculate both the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring from a particular cross. By using the rules of probability, these ratios can be calculated for a variety of different crosses involving different genes and alleles.
In the case of the three crosses given in the question, Punnett squares can be used to determine the ratios of both genotype and phenotype for each cross. These ratios can then be used to predict the results of future crosses and better understand the inheritance patterns of different genes.
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In many multicellular eukaryotic genes, different polypeptides can be produced from the same stretch of DNA duplex primarily due to: a. extensive somatic recombination in individual cells. b. different genes on the two complementary strands. c. alternative splicing of the mRNA transcript. d. genes found within the introns of a larger gene. e. multiple open reading frames in the same sequence
Answers
Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcript results in the production of different polypeptides from the same stretch of DNA duplex. In eukaryotic cells, the process of splicing removes introns from pre-mRNA to create mature mRNA.
Introns are non-coding regions of a gene, while exons contain the protein-coding sequences. As a result, alternative splicing allows a gene to produce several different mRNAs, each with a different combination of exons. Furthermore, each mRNA variant can produce a different protein as a result of the variation in the polypeptide chain's sequence. Therefore, alternative splicing of the mRNA transcript is responsible for the production of various polypeptides from the same stretch of DNA duplex.
In many multicellular eukaryotic genes, different polypeptides can be produced from the same stretch of DNA duplex primarily due to the alternative splicing of the mRNA transcript.
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Laws have been enacted to regulate cigarette labeling and advertising. What is this an example of?
an impact of changing scientific knowledge on society
the interrelationship of science and technology
an influence of society on scientific progress
the changing nature of scientific knowledge
Answers
Answer:
its a
Explanation:
edge 2020 :)
Laws have been enacted to regulate cigarette labeling and advertising, and this is an example of the influence of society on scientific progress, which is the third option.
What are the cigarette labeling and advertising regulations?Regulation of cigarette labeling and advertising illustrates how societal concerns can shape the direction of scientific research and policy decisions, for example, concerns about the health effects of smoking and secondhand smoke led to increased scientific research on the topic, which in turn provided evidence to support policy decisions, but it's important to note that scientific research and technological development are not solely driven by societal concerns or values.
Hence, this is an example of the influence of society on scientific progress, which is the third option.
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What must happen in order for a chemical signal to change the membrane potential of a neuron?
Answers
A Final statement or concluding statement
The ion flux across the membrane must vary.The number of open ion channels must be altered.How does a neuron change its membrane potential?The membrane potential is altered by opening and shutting ion channels.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is closer to the potassium equilibrium potential than to the sodium equilibrium potential. That's because the resting membrane is much more permeable to K+ to Na+. Changing the number of open ion channels allows you to alter the membrane potential of the cell and generate electrical signals.
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What might happen if you were to have damage to your hypothalamus?
a) Any adrenaline rush would be communicated to the wrong area.
b) Your metabolic rate might climb too high.
c) You could have difficulty producing adrenaline.
d) You would continue to eat, never receiving a signal that you are full.
Answers
A lab group is developing a device to minimize the force on eggs dropped from a height of 2.0 meters. In their first test, they place four eggs in a small cardboard box and then wrap the box with a layer of plastic bubble wrap. When they open the box, the students find that all four eggs had cracked. At which height do the eggs have the most kinetic energy? 2.0 meters 1.5 meters 1 meter 0.5 meters
Answers
Mi tía me pisa se puede pisar a una niña
Answer:
1 through 1/5 meters I did 1/5 since it wasn't exact
One of the largest and oldest organisms on earth is located in fish lake and nation, forest, in utah.pando is an 80,000 year old grove of aspen trees that cover 100 acres. Although it looks like a forest, DNA analysis of several of the trees has confirmed it is really just one huge organism. Therefore the trees must have been reproduced
Answers
Pando aspen grove in Utah is an immense, genetically identical organism consisting of interconnected aspen trees spanning 100 acres and estimated to be around 80,000 years old.
One of the largest and oldest organisms on Earth, known as Pando, is located in Fish Lake National Forest in Utah. Pando aspen grove is an 80,000-year-old grove of aspen trees that covers approximately 100 acres. While it appears to be a forest, DNA analysis of several of the trees has revealed that they are genetically identical, confirming that Pando is actually one immense organism. The trees of Pando have been reproduced through a process called vegetative reproduction, where new shoots and stems emerge from the existing root system. This unique reproductive strategy has allowed Pando to persist and expand over thousands of years, making it a remarkable example of the interconnectedness and longevity of living organisms.For more questions on Pando aspen grove:
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Fill in the blanks with these terms (superior, posterior, distal, medial, lateral, anterior.)
Your knee is_____to your ankle.
Your pectoralis major(chest muscle) is_______to your deltoid muscle.
Your quardiceps muscles are________to your hamstring muscle.
Your hand is the________end of your arm.
Your pelvis is_______to your abdomen.
Your spine is__________to your sternum.
Your eyes are________to your nose.
Answers
Answer:
1.) superior
2.) medial
3.) anterior
4.) distal
5.) inferior?
6.) posterior
7.) lateral
Explanation:
Your knee is above your ankle: superior
Your chest muscle is toward your midline in relation to your shoulder: medial
Your quadriceps muscle is forward of your hamstring: anterior
Your hand is at the far end of your arm: distal
Your pelvis is below your abdomen: inferior?
Your spine is behind your sternum: posterior
Your eyes are beside your nose: lateral
Answer:
proximal
Medial
Anterior
Distal
Inferior
Posterior
Lateral
Explanation:
what is the term for the part of a dna strand that produces a protein that causes a stem cell to differentiate?
Answers
The term for the part of a DNA strand that produces a protein that causes a stem cell to differentiate is differentiation-inducing factor or differentiation signal.
What is differentiation-inducing factor?This protein is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, leading to development of specialized cell types.
Cell fate means that stem cell makes a decision to differentiate into mature cell type. Signals from environment—chemicals, extracellular proteins/hormones/factors, neighboring cells, physical environment—converge on the cell, activating a signaling cascade that leads to gene expression.
Cell that differentiates into all cell types of adult organism is known as pluripotent and such cells are called meristematic cells in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals.
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What is the structure and function of genes?
Answers
Structure of genes:
A gene is composed of a nucleotide chain, which is made up of DNA strands. Genes are composed of nucleotides.
DNA consists of A, T, G, and C nucleotides. Hydrogen bonds form with opposite-strand nucleotides, and phosphodiester bonds form with adjacent-strand nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases (A, T, G, and C), phosphate, and pentose sugar
Genes consist of two types of elements: core elements and regulatory elements.
In fact, core sequences or elements play an important role in protein synthesis. Gene expression is maintained by regulatory elements.
Among the most important elements of DNA are exons. The regulatory elements of a gene are sequences like promoters, enhancers, and silencers.
Function of genes:
A gene's primary function is to form or manufacture proteins, but it's not the only one. Indeed, it's partially true.
Some genes do not produce protein even though microRNAs, for example, are tiny ribonucleic acids formed from some genes, but they don't produce proteins. Instead, it regulates gene expression.
A gene carries instructions that determine your features, such as eye colour, hair colour, and height. For each feature, there are several gene variations.
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The fruiting body found above ground in fungi is called the
A. cap.
B. hyphae.
C. mycelium.
Answers
Answer:
fruiting body is called cap
The mycelium is the fruiting body found above ground in fungi.
The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium.
A hypha is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
A mycelium is a network of fungal threads or hyphae. Mycelia often grow underground but can also thrive in other places such as rotting tree trunks. A single spore can develop into a mycelium. The fruiting bodies of fungi, such as mushrooms, can sprout from a mycelium.
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