which structural component of bacterial cells is a major virulence factor because it allows cells to adhere, exchange dna, and move?
Answers
Structural component of bacterial cells which is a major virulence factor is called as pili.
Pili microscopic organisms are those microbes that have the little hair-like extremities on the outer layer of microorganisms.
The pili have the accompanying attributes:
Pili are made out of pilin protein that is blended by the microscopic organisms.Pili are answerable for the propagation of microscopic organisms for example conjugative pili.Pili are immunogenic in nature. They can actuate the development of antibodies in the host.They are delicate protein and 6-7 nm in measurement.These are the hair-like extremities present on the outer layer of microscopic organismsThere are two types of pili.
Conjugation piliType IV PiliThe functions of the pili are as per the following:
Conjugative pili permit the exchange of hereditary material between two microbes.The presence of pili is liable for the harmfulness of pathogenic microbes.It sticks with surfaces and consequently permits the connection of microorganisms with the surfaces.These pili permit the hereditary variety in the microbes.To know more about pili bacteria, visit here:
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Related Questions
Walter Disney - Why are they inspiring and how will you use them as an example to accomplish your goals?
Please help me In your own words I need help I only have 30 minutes
Answers
Answer: Take What You Do Seriously
He never took his art or talent for granted. Never would you find Walt Disney in his studio slacking off or procrastinating on his projects. He always took the lead when it came to doing what he loved, never putting his passion on the back burner. another answer might help you
He was thoughtful and creative to the people around him and that made him a natural success, inspiring young kids and even older people that wanted to think outside the box was a possibility. In conclusion, Walt Disney inspired everyone that loved his work and wanted to follow their dreams or even wish upon a star.
Explanation: The key to Walt's legacy of success was turning his failures into learning opportunities, and pushing through when times got rough. “All the adversity I've had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me
out of the absorptive cells shown, which one has no concentration gradient across the membrane resulting in no net movement of water? the ovals represent the absorptive cells, and the density of shading reflects the concentration of solutes.
Answers
The cell that has no concentration gradient across the membrane resulting in no net movement of water is cell A. It is the largest concentration difference between the inside and outside of the cell is represented by the shows cell.
In this system, water has a gradient in concentration. Water will therefore diffuse down its gradient of concentration and cross the membrane to the side where it is less concentrated. Water will continue to diffuse through a membrane during the osmosis process until the gradient in the water's concentration is zero.
Ion pump enzymes move ionic solutes like sodium, potassium, hydrogen ions, and calcium across biological membranes to create and maintain concentration gradients. Because a gradient requires energy to create, it is a form of energy that has been stored.
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Would the atmospheric concentration of oxygen increase or decrease after the bubonic plague?
Answers
Answer:The Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere about 2.3 billion years ago began a series of geochemical events leading to elevated oxygen levels for the next 200 million years, with a collapse to much lower levels as these events played their course. This sequence of events is represented in rocks from the Republic of Gabon. We show oxygenation of the deep oceans when oxygen levels were likely their highest. By 2.08 billion years ago, however, oxygen dropped to levels possibly as low as any time in the last 2.3 billion years. These fluctuations can be explained as a direct consequence of the initial oxygenation of the atmosphere during the Great Oxidation Event.
Explanation:
The process of using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen is called?
Answers
hope this helps
In 1-2 sentences, relate the impact of the industrial use of water for (fracking) with the availability and quality of water. hydraulic.fracturing
Answers
The industrial use of water for hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can impact the availability and quality of water due to the large volumes of water required and the potential contamination of water sources by chemicals used in the fracking process.
The industrial process of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, involves injecting large volumes of water, sand, and chemicals into underground formations to extract natural gas or oil.
This process requires significant amounts of water, which can strain local water supplies, especially in areas already facing water scarcity or drought. The extraction and treatment of this water can also lead to increased water pollution and contamination, as the chemicals used in the fracking fluid can potentially leak into groundwater sources or be released into surface water bodies.
The disposal of wastewater generated from fracking operations can also pose challenges, as it requires proper treatment and management to prevent contamination of water resources.
Overall, the industrial use of water for fracking can have significant implications for both the availability and quality of water in affected regions.
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Within an ecosystem, what do consumers depend on other organisms for?
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Answer:
Consumers are organisms that depend on other organisms for food. They take in organic molecules by essentially “eating” other living things
How does the law of conservation apply to nutrient cycles?
Answers
Answer:
Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation:
Instructions: Look at the motion graphs shown below. Match the descriptions here to the coorect graph.
Description a. A car moving at a constant speed stops and then moves in the opposite dorection at the same speed.
Description b. A car moving at a constant speed stops and then moves faster in the same diresction.
Description c. A car moving at a constant speed changes to a higher constant speed
Description d. A car moving at a constant speed changes to a lower constant speed.
Answers
Answer:
A-2
B-4
C-1
D-3
Explanation:
In description A, the car is first moving at a constant speed, which means it will have a constant slope. Then, it stops, which causes a slope of 0. Finally, it moves in the opposite direction, which will cause a negative slope. The second graph has a positive, zero, and negative slope; therefore, it fits A.
Description B has a constant slope, a zero slope, and a higher slope. Graph 4 goes up normally, then stops, and finally goes steeper. This fits description B.
Description C has a constant and then a higher slope. Graph 1, increases steadily and then sharply increases; which fits C.
Description D has a constant and then a lower slope. Graph 3 increases fast but then flattens, which matches the slopes in the description.
Using the product rule, calculate the probability that two human parents would have a female child
A chance mother contributes X = 1 chance father contributes X = 0 1 + 0 = 1chance mother contributes X = 1 chance father contributes X = 0 1 + 0 = 1
B chance mother contributes X = 1 chance father contributes X = 1/2 1 X 1/2 = 1/2chance mother contributes X = 1 chance father contributes X = 1/2 1 X 1/2 = 1/2
C chance mother contributes X = 1/2 chance father contributes X = 1/4 1/2 X 1/4 = 1/8chance mother contributes X = 1/2 chance father contributes X = 1/4 1/2 X 1/4 = 1/8 D chance mother contributes X = 1/2 chance father contributes X = 1/2 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4
Answers
The probability of two human parents producing a female child is 1/2; option B.
What is the probability of two human parents producing a female child?The probability of two human parents producing a female child can be determined using the product rule.
The X chromosome determines that a child is a female whereas the Y chromosome determines that a child is male.
the mother has two X chromosomes; XX
the father has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome; XY
the probability that the mother contributes X = 1
the probability that the father contributes X = 1/2
The probability that the parents will have a female child = 1 * 1/2
The probability that the parents will have a female child = 1/2
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Why is it necessary to separate oxgynated blood and deoxgynated blood in living organisums?
Answers
Answer:
For efficient transportation of blood.
Explanation:
Cholera autoinducer (CAI-1) allows the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyito sense the presence of Choose one: Vibrio harveyi (only). other Vibrio species. Vibrio fischeri (only). unrelated bacteria. Vibrio cholerae (only).
Answers
Cholera autoinducer (CAI-1) allows the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyi to sense the presence of other Vibrio species, including Vibrio cholerae.
This is because CAI-1 is a signaling molecule that is produced by many Vibrio species and is used for quorum sensing, which enables bacteria to communicate with each other and coordinate their behavior based on cell density. Therefore, CAI-1 allows Vibrio harveyi to detect the presence of other Vibrio species and adjust its own behavior accordingly.When V. harveyi detects CAI-1, it can adjust its behavior accordingly, including regulating bioluminescence and virulence. This allows V. harveyi to communicate and coordinate with other bacterial species in their environment.
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No Joke, this is an actual question have to answer for an assignment.
How much wood, would a wood chuck, chuck, if a wood chuck could chuck wood?
A) Infinite
B) I don't know, 5.
C) as much as they want.
D) This is a stupid question
Answers
Answer: c
Explanation:
Answer: C
Explanation: A wood chuck would chuck as much wood as a wood chuck would if a wood chuck could chuck wood.
Which event is most likely evidenced by the appearance of a new organism in the fossil record?
Responses
A new species evolved.
A change in climate occurred.
Optimal conditions finally preserved an old species.
Migration brought back an old species
Answers
The most likely scenario from the appearance of a new organism is that "A new species would have evolved."
When calcium levels in the blood are too low, the body releases a hormone that removes calcium from the bones. A
person who suffers from a certain type of thyroid disease will often have low blood calcium and brittle bones because
the body is taking the calcium from the bones. The afflicted person will typically see an endocrinologist, who studies
hormones, and an orthopedist, who studies bones. What do these two doctors have in common?
A) They both focus on hormone levels.
B) They both focus on bone density.
C) They both focus on calcium levels.
D) They both focus on the thyroid.
Answers
Answer:
they both focus on calcium levels
Explanation:
on edge
These two doctors have in common is :
C) They both focus on calcium levels.
DoctorsAn Endocrinologist is a doctor who has extraordinary preparing in diagnosing and treating clutters of the endocrine framework (the organs and organs that make hormones). These disarranges incorporate diabetes, barrenness, and thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary organ issues.
An orthopedist a specialist who specializes within the department of medication concerned with the adjustment or avoidance of distortions, disarranges, or wounds of the skeleton and related structures An orthopedist treated her knee damage.
These two doctors have in common is that they both focus on calcium levels.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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Horizontal moves occur along plate margins
A: True
B: False
Answers
a process that uses gamma rays to eliminate harmful bacteria in foods is called
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A process that uses gamma rays to eliminate harmful bacteria in foods is called irradiation
Irradiation is a food preservation process that utilizes gamma rays to eliminate harmful bacteria, parasites, and insects present in food products. This technique involves exposing the food to a controlled dose of ionizing radiation, typically gamma rays emitted by a radioactive isotope such as cobalt-60 or cesium-137.
When food is irradiated, gamma rays penetrate the food and interact with the genetic material (DNA) of microorganisms. This interaction disrupts the DNA structure, preventing the microorganisms from reproducing or functioning properly. As a result, bacteria, viruses, parasites, and insects present in the food are effectively destroyed or rendered unable to cause disease or spoilage.
Irradiation has several advantages as a food safety measure. It can extend the shelf life of perishable foods, reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses caused by pathogens, and control pests without the need for chemical treatments. Moreover, it does not leave behind any residue or chemical additives in the food, making it safe for consumption.
It is important to note that irradiation does not significantly alter the nutritional content, taste, or appearance of the treated food. However, public perception and acceptance of irradiation vary, and regulations regarding its use also differ among countries. Extensive research and adherence to strict guidelines ensure the safety and effectiveness of irradiated foods.
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Typically, what percentage of a sample of human blood is made up of red blood cells? A. 10-20% B. 30-40% C. 50-60% D. 70-80%
Answers
B. 30-40%
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which of the following events occur in the hypothalamus of a mouse brain expressing channelrhodopsin when the blue light is switched on?
Answers
All-trans-retinal isomerizes to 13-cis-retinal when ChR2 in the neuronal membrane is exposed to blue light, and this conformational shift opens the ChR2 channel.
What is controlled by the hypothalamus?The sympathetic nervous system. It serves as the primary controller of visceral functions. It controls the contraction of the urinary tract, the heart rate, and the passage of food through the digestive system.
How many processes does the hypothalamus control?The hypothalamus' functions. The hypothalamus plays a role in many daily functions, including digestion and hydration, regulation of body temperature and energy levels, learning and memory, and stress management.
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what is the climax in anne frank's diary, only using her diary and not when they got captured by the nazis?
Answers
The climax in Anne Frank's diary is the discovery of the group's hiding place and subsequent betrayal to the Nazis.
Anne Frank's diary chronicles her experiences while hiding with her family and several others in a secret annex above her father's business in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. The diary documents the daily struggles, emotions, and relationships of the group during their two years in hiding.
The climax of the diary occurs when the group is discovered by the Nazis on August 4, 1944. They are betrayed by an unknown informant and arrested, marking the end of their time in hiding. This event is the culmination of the tension and fear that had been building throughout the diary, as the group had been living in constant danger of discovery and capture.
While the diary does not cover the period of time after the group's capture, it is widely known that Anne and her sister Margot died in a concentration camp, while their mother died in Auschwitz. The discovery of the group's hiding place and subsequent betrayal is a pivotal moment in the narrative of Anne Frank's diary, representing the extreme danger and tragedy faced by Jews during the Holocaust.
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Put the drinking water treatment steps in the correct order.
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The grass in the photo above can be found in the __________ ecosystem. A. tropical savanna B. monsoon rainforest C. desert D. deciduous forest
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The grass in the photo above can be found in the A. tropical savanna ecosystem.
The photo shows a tall, coarse grass that is typically found in tropical savannas. Tropical savannas are characterized by hot, dry summers and warm, wet winters. The grass in tropical savannas is adapted to these conditions by having deep roots that can reach water during the dry season. The grass also has a waxy coating that helps to protect it from the sun's rays.
Monsoon rainforests are characterized by wet summers and dry winters. The grass in monsoon rainforests is typically shorter and more lush than the grass in tropical savannas. This is because the monsoon rainforests receive more rain throughout the year.
Deserts are characterized by hot, dry conditions. The grass in deserts is typically very short and sparse. This is because the desert grass has adapted to the dry conditions by having very small leaves that help to reduce water loss.
Deciduous forests are characterized by warm summers and cool winters. The grass in deciduous forests is typically tall and lush during the summer, but it dies back during the winter. This is because the deciduous forest trees lose their leaves during the winter, which allows more sunlight to reach the ground.
The grass in the photo is clearly tall and coarse, which suggests that it is adapted to hot, dry conditions. Therefore, the most likely ecosystem for this grass is the tropical savanna.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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4. Exercise 3.4. Genetic Testing and Insurance Prices. Suppose the likelihood that a person will get disease X is determined in large part (but not exclusively) by his or her genes. Initially, it Is impossible to determine who carries the gene for the disease, and many people spend $500 on special health insurance to cover the costs of treatment for the disease. Suppose scientists uncover the gene responsible for the disease and develop a simple test for the gene. (Related to Application 3.) a. Suppose the government passes a law that prevents insurance companies from getting the results of a customer's genetic test for X. Will the new price of X insurance be greater that or less than $500 ? b. Suppose insurance companies have access to the results of genetic tests and they require all customers to get the test. How will the insurance company change its price of X insurance?
Answers
The first scenario's price of X insurance will be greater than $500, while the second scenario's price of X insurance depends on the results of the genetic test.
a) If the government passes a law that prevents insurance companies from getting the results of a customer's genetic test for X, the new price of X insurance will be greater than $500.
b) If insurance companies have access to the results of genetic tests and they require all customers to get the test, the insurance company will change its price of X insurance as follows: if the test shows that a customer has the gene, the insurance company will raise the price of insurance to $800 to cover the expected treatment cost of $10,000 (with probability 1). In contrast, if the test shows that a customer does not have the gene, then the insurance company will lower the price of insurance to $100 to cover only administrative costs, assuming there is no risk of developing the disease.
According to these two scenarios, the first scenario's price of X insurance will be greater than $500, while the second scenario's price of X insurance depends on the results of the genetic test.
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Which describes a protein? A. Forms an important part of cell membranes. B. Provides the greatest amount of energy per gram. C. Plays an important role in chemical reactions in cells. D. Supports internal organs and insulates the body
Answers
Answer:
I would choose A for answer
Cancer cells can be characterized as ""generic"" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. a. differentiation b. reproduction c. responsiveness d. both reproduction and responsiveness
Answers
Cancer cells can be characterized as ""generic"" cells that perform no specialized body function, thus cancer cells lack differentiation and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Differentiation?This a term which is referred to as the process in which the cell grows and becomes specialized which depicts that it is now able to do some special body function. Examples include red blood cells which are able to distribute oxygen and nutrients to other parts pof the body.
In this scenario, we were told that cancer cells aren't able to perform specialized body function which depicts differentiation and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Agricultural practices can lead to water pollution.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
ОТ
OF
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
I finish e2020! good Lucky
show a greater level of understanding of differences in a pro and eukaryotic cells with references to at least one thing, such as composition of cell wall (not made of cellulose) or size of ribosomes.
Answers
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are two distinct types of cells with several notable differences. One significant difference is the composition of the cell wall.
While prokaryotic cells typically have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, a complex polymer composed of sugars and amino acids, eukaryotic cells may have a cell wall composed of different materials depending on the organism.
For example, plant cells have a cell wall primarily made of cellulose, a polysaccharide. In contrast, fungal cell walls contain chitin, another type of polysaccharide. The composition of the cell wall provides structural support and protection to the cell.
Another difference lies in the size of ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes, typically measuring around 70S, while eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes, usually around 80S.
The difference in ribosome size is attributed to the distinct structures and functions of the ribosomes in the two cell types. The size difference affects the sensitivity of ribosomes to certain antibiotics, making them selectively target prokaryotic ribosomes without interfering with eukaryotic ribosomes.
Overall, the differences in cell wall composition and ribosome size are just a few examples that highlight the contrasting features between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, underscoring the complexity and diversity of cellular life.
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CRISPR differs from other methods of genetic engineering becauseit cuts DNA.a. it can be used to add a new gene.b. it can alter a precise location of the genome.c. All of the answers are correct.d. None of the answers are correct.
Answers
CRISPR differs from other methods of genetic engineering because it can alter a precise location of the genome. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful and versatile genome editing tool that has revolutionized the field of genetics research. It enables scientists to make precise, targeted changes to the DNA of cells and organisms by cutting DNA at specific locations and then allowing the cells' natural repair mechanisms to fix the DNA.
This makes it possible to modify genes or create new ones, which has enormous potential for treating and curing genetic diseases, developing new drugs and therapies, and creating new agricultural and industrial products.
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Interactions between Na channels and Na -HCO3- cotransporters in the freshwater fish gill MR cell: a model for transepithelial Na uptake
Answers
Using intracellular pH (pHi) imaging, we investigated Cl transport mechanisms in freshwater rainbow trout gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells. In isolated MR cells, scanning electron microscopy has shown that cellular polarity is maintained.
What is Transport in Two Species of Freshwater Fish?Large amounts of diluted water constantly flow across the gill epithelium of freshwater fish, causing them to experience an ionic stress. Since the mechanisms of ion and acid-base transport are connected at the gill, this is made worse by an acid-base disruption. Active transport at specialised mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells on the gill surface helps the fish maintain homeostasis. As a result, the freshwater gill has served as a crucial model system for figuring out the transport processes that allow for the overriding of adverse ion gradients. Numerous research have tried to clarify the mechanisms of ion and acid-base transport in freshwater fishes during the past ten years using a range of methodologies.
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How many calories per day would a 5 month old, 7 kg infant need based on 108 calories per kg? Round to the nearest whole calorie. A recipe contains a total of 100 grams of fat. The recipe feeds 4 people. How many grams of fat is in each serving?
Answers
A 5-month-old, 7 kg infant would need 756 calories per day.
Each serving of the recipe would contain 25 grams of fat.
To calculate the number of calories per day that a 5-month-old infant would need based on 108 calories per kg, we can use the infant's weight of 7 kg:
Calories per day = Weight (kg) x Calories per kg
Calories per day = 7 kg x 108 calories/kg
Calories per day ≈ 756 calories
Therefore, a 5-month-old, 7 kg infant would need approximately 756 calories per day.
To determine the number of grams of fat in each serving of a recipe that contains a total of 100 grams of fat and feeds 4 people, we divide the total fat by the number of servings:
Grams of fat per serving = Total grams of fat / Number of servings
Grams of fat per serving = 100 grams / 4 servings
Grams of fat per serving = 25 grams
Therefore, each serving of the recipe would contain 25 grams of fat.
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What is a genotype that would explain the sprinter’s phenotype?
Answers
A genotype that would explain the sprinter's phenotype could involve variations in genes related to muscle fiber composition, such as the ACTN3 gene which codes for a protein involved in fast twitch muscle fibers.
A specific genotype that has been linked to sprinting ability is the RR genotype, which refers to having two copies of the "fast" allele of the ACTN3 gene. This genotype is more commonly found in elite sprinters and may contribute to their ability to generate explosive power and speed.
A combination of specific alleles (versions of a gene) that contribute to traits such as fast-twitch muscle fibers, high anaerobic capacity, and efficient energy production. These traits are influenced by multiple genes and their interactions, so the genotype of a sprinter would likely involve a combination of these genes that together result in the desirable sprinting phenotype.
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