Which of the following rules is applicable for balancing a chemical equation?
Change only the coefficients
Add the coefficients and change the subscripts
Change only the subscripts
Change the coefficients and the subscripts

PO₄ appears in two different places in this chemical equation. PO₃⁻⁴ is a polyatomic ion called phosphate. 2 should be placed in front of Na₃PO₄ to give the same total number of phosphate ions on each side of the equation.

For the reaction -

? Na₃PO₄ + MgCl₂  →  Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + NaCl

There are 2 phosphate ions present on the product side, therefore, 2 phosphate atoms should be present on the reactant side to maintain the equilibrium.

On product side, number of ions of magnesium is 3, so to attain the equilibrium and balance the equation there 3 ions of magnesium should be on the reactant side.

In order to balance the number of ions of phosphate and magnesium in the reaction which is given -

On the reactant side, 6 atoms of chlorine and sodium are formed, in order to balance these 6 atoms of chlorine and sodium, 6 atoms of each should be present on the product side.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is -

2 Na₃PO₄ + 3 MgCl₂  →  Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6 NaCl

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where??? coz there is nothing below

Answer:

C, increases/decreases

Explanation:

As you move down a group on the periodic table, the electronegativity of an element decreases because the increased number of energy levels puts the outer electrons very far away from the pull of the nucleus.

Algal blooms and high concentrations of nitrogen in water are effects of water pollution. Overgrazing and the use of chemical fertilizers cause water pollution.

Algal blooms are an effect of water pollution. They occur when there is an excessive amount of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in the water due to pollution. The overgrowth of algae depletes the oxygen levels in the water, which can harm fish and other aquatic animals.

Overgrazing can cause water pollution by increasing the sedimentation rate of waterways. This sedimentation can carry nutrients, bacteria, and other pollutants into the water, which can degrade water quality and cause harm to aquatic life.

The use of chemical fertilizers to enhance production is a cause of water pollution. When fertilizer is overused, it can leach into waterways and cause nutrient pollution, which can lead to algal blooms and other forms of water pollution.

High concentrations of nitrogen in water are often an effect of water pollution. This can be caused by the overuse of fertilizers or the discharge of untreated sewage into waterways. High nitrogen levels can cause algal blooms, which can lead to oxygen depletion and harm aquatic life.

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Answer:

Cause:

: : use of chemical fertilizers to enhance production

: : overgrazing

Effect:

: : high concentration of nitrogen in water

: : algal blooms

Hope this helps ;)

Answer:

Cyanide and thiamine do not possess specific structural features that enable them to directly catalyze the benzoin condensation reaction. However, they can participate in the catalytic process indirectly by forming complexes with other compounds or enzymes.

1. Cyanide: Cyanide ions (CN-) can act as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl group of aldehydes or ketones. This nucleophilic attack forms a cyanohydrin intermediate, which can undergo subsequent reactions to produce various compounds. In the benzoin condensation, cyanide can react with benzaldehyde to form a cyanohydrin, which can then undergo self-condensation to yield the benzoin product.

2. Thiamine: Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is not directly involved in catalyzing the benzoin condensation. However, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine in enzymatic reactions, can play a role. TPP is a cofactor found in enzymes called transketolases. Transketolases facilitate the transfer of two-carbon units between ketose and aldose sugars. While this is different from the benzoin condensation, the presence of TPP in the enzyme active site allows it to facilitate certain carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.

Explanation:

It's worth noting that these examples describe the indirect involvement of cyanide and thiamine in facilitating reactions related to the benzoin condensation. Other catalysts, such as base compounds (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or other thiamine derivatives, may be used more commonly for direct catalysis of the benzoin condensation.

The main difference between Proton, Neutron and Electrons can be found in their charges. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral whereas electrons are negatively charged. Protons are found in the nucleus of the atom, and they reside together with neutrons. ... Protons are positively charged.

To solve this question we have to apply Charles Law, that states that:

Where V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature, V2 is the final volume and T2 is the final temperature.

Before using the given values, we have to convert the given temperatures to Kelvin degrees:

Now, we can replace these values for T1 and T2 respectively. Also replace V1 for 1L and solve for V2 to find the volume of the balloon inside the freezer:

It means that the volume of the balloon in the freezer is 0.86L.

The mass of the asteroid is C. 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) Kg

To find the mass of the other asteroid, we can rearrange the equation for the gravitational force between two objects:

F = (G * m1 * m2) / \(r^{2}\)

where F is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two asteroids, and r is the distance between them.

Given that the distance between the asteroids is 75000 m, the force of gravity between them is 1.14 N, and one asteroid has a mass of 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg, we can substitute these values into the equation and solve for the mass of the other asteroid (m2):

1.14 N = (6.67430 × \(10^{-11}\) N \(m^{2}\)/\(Kg^{2}\) * 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg * \(m2\)) / \((75000 m)^{2}\)

Simplifying and solving the equation, we find that the mass of the other asteroid (m2) is approximately 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) kg. Therefore, Option C is correct.

The question was incomplete. find the full content below:

Two asteroids are 75000 m apart one has a mass of 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg if the force of gravity between them is 1.14 what is the mass of the asteroid

A. 3.4 x \(10^{11}\) kg

B. 8.3 x \(10^{12}\) kg

C. 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) kg

D. 1.2 x \(10^{10}\) kg

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Answer:

This would be 63 gallons :)

Explanation:

The Volume of water = 2.4 × 10² L

The Volume of water in gal = ?

The solution:  We know that one gal is equal to 3.785 litter.

So in conclusion, 2.4 × 10²L × 1 gal / 3.785 L

2.4 × 10²L × 0.264 gal. L⁻¹

0.634 × 10² gal

Hopefully this helps :3

63 gal

According to the question for a solution with a pH of 2.68, [H+] = 10-2.68 = 0.00145 M.

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being the most alkaline. The pH of a solution is determined by the amount of hydrogen ions present in the solution. Solutions with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions are more acidic, while solutions with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions are more alkaline. pH is an important factor in determining the solubility of substances, as well as the rate of chemical reactions. It is also important in controlling the growth of microorganisms, as some organisms require a certain pH to survive.

The [H+] concentration can be determined by using the pH equation, which states that pH = -log[H+]. Rearranging this equation to solve for [H+], we get [H+] = 10-pH.
Therefore, for a solution with a pH of 2.68, [H+] = 10-2.68 = 0.00145 M.

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Answer:

its sodium hydroxide

Explanation:

Option d. First order in A and zero order in B. The reaction rate can be determined by the rate of change of concentration of the reactant over time.

In this case, the reaction is first order in A, meaning the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of A. This can be seen as the reaction rate is the same even when the concentration of B is changed, implying that B has no effect on the reaction rate. On the other hand, the reaction is zero order in B, meaning the reaction rate is independent of the concentration of B. This means that the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of A and is independent of the concentration of B. This can be observed from the fact that the reaction rate remains the same when the concentration of B is changed, implying that B has no effect on the reaction rate. On the other hand, the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of A, meaning that as the concentration of A increases, the reaction rate also increases. Therefore, the reaction is first order in A and zero order in B.

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Reactions are balanced by equating the right and the left side by stoichiometry coefficients. The redox reactions are balanced and corrected by simplifying the numbers.

A redox reaction is a depiction of the oxidation and the reduction of the reaction that shows the loss and the gain of the electrons by the chemical species.

The oxidation half-reaction:

Mg  →  Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻

The reduction half-reaction:

2Au + 2 e⁻ → 2 Au

The overall balanced reaction is:

Mg(s) + 2Au⁺ (aq)  → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2Au(s)

Therefore, the reaction is balanced by the oxidation and the reduction halves.

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Answer:

option B

cementation and compaction

Answer:

which property is least helpful in identifying a sample of matter is (B) VOLUME

Explanation:

volume depend on the amount of substance present and are not useful in the identification of a sample of matter. volume is an extensive property so it is not useful identifying the sample of matter.

Answer:

Joints

Explanation:

Without joints we would not be able to bend our arms or legs. Hence option C is correct.

Bending is defined as the behavior of a thin structural element under an external load that is applied perpendicular to the element's longitudinal axis. Plants and their parts are thought to bend as a result of a flexure process in which the curvature of the plant part changes. The plant organs' collenchyma gives them flexibility and elasticity, preventing them from breaking when bent.

The force required to bend, straighten, and support joints is applied by muscles to the bones. Muscles act in pairs of flexors and extensors because they may pull on bones but not put them back into place. The extensor muscle relaxes and stretches as the flexor muscle contracts to bend the joint.

Thus, without joints we would not be able to bend our arms or legs. Hence option C is correct.

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Answer:

Option B, \(H3PO4 + H2O <==> H3O^+ + H2PO4^-\)

Explanation:

In this reaction, a weak acid is reacting with  water. Thus, water is this case will act as a proton acceptor or a base as well as an acid. Hence water will be amphiprotic for this chemical process and can donate as well accept as a proton. Now when weak acid such as phosphoric acid loses a hydrogen ion it forms a weak conjugate base ie. H2PO4^-. Water being a weak base shall accept the proton and forms hydronium ion i.e H3O^+

The dihydrogen phosphate ion reacts with water:

H2PO4^- + H2O <----> HPO4^2- + H3O^+

After some time a proton is again transferred to the H2O molecule to produce  phosphate ion

HPO4^2- + H2O <----> H3O^+ + PO4^3-

The process of cellular respiration releases energy because the energy that is released when the bonds are formed in CO\(_2\) and water is equal to the energy required to break the bonds of sugar and oxygen. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Cells turn sugars into energy through a process called cellular respiration. Cells need fuel or an electron acceptor to power the chemical process that converts energy into usable forms such as ATP along with additional kinds of energy that can be utilised to power cellular reactions.

All multicellular species, including eukaryotes, as well as certain single-celled organisms, generate energy by aerobic respiration. Utilising oxygen, which is the strongest electron acceptor found in nature, is called aerobic respiration. The process of cellular respiration releases energy because the energy that is released when the bonds are formed in CO\(_2\) and water is equal to the energy required to break the bonds of sugar and oxygen.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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Answer:

The intermolecular forces between CO3^2- and H2O molecules are;

1) London dispersion forces

2) ion-dipole interaction

3) hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction that exits between molecules. These forces are weaker in comparison to the intramolecular forces, such as the covalent or ionic bonds between atoms in a molecule.

Considering CO3^2- and H2O, we must remember that hydrogen bonds occur whenever hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen. The carbonate ion is a hydrogen bond acceptor.

Also, the London dispersion forces are present in all molecules and is the first intermolecular interaction in molecular substance. Lastly, ion-dipole interactions exists between water and the carbonate ion.

The molecule of water and carbonate has consisted of hydrogen bonding, dipole interaction, and London dispersive force.

The intermolecular force has been defined as the attractive force that has been present within the molecules in between the atoms. The interaction between the molecules has been mediated by the difference in the electronegativities and the dipole interaction.

The bonding of hydrogen atoms with more electronegative elements results in the hydrogen bond. In both the molecules hydrogen has been bonded with the oxygen atom, thus there has been the presence of hydrogen bonding.

The interactions between carbon and oxygen has resulted in the dipole, thus there has been dipole interaction with the molecule. The force of attraction between the ion and dipole has been the London dispersive force.

Thus, the molecule of water and carbonate has consisted of hydrogen bonding, dipole interaction, and London dispersive force.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The protein comprises of two 60-kD polypeptides and two 40-kD polypeptides. Each one of the 40-kD chains has a disulfide-bond, which is directly bonded to a 60-kD chain.

The 100-kD units attach noncovalently to produce a protein with a molecular mass of 200 kD.

The protein consists of 200 kD in size, and the Gel filtration doesn't affect the relationship and interaction among the various subunits in the protein.

When SDS-PAGE takes place, samples are being subjected to boiling of samples and therefore undergoing denaturation conditions. The result causes disorganization in the 100 kD units.

It implies that BME is responsible for the reduction between the R1-S-S-R2 bond between 40 kD and 60 kD to R1-SH and R2-SH, resulting in separate proteins.

However, the reducing agent (BME) main task is reducing disulfide bonds in a protein.

Answer:

866.142 inches

Explanation:

By formula

Answer:

Atomic emission is more sensitive to flame instability than atomic absorption because during atomic emission, the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the concentration of the element being measured. If the flame is unstable, it can cause fluctuations in the intensity of the light being emitted, which can lead to errors in the measurement of the element's concentration. In contrast, in atomic absorption, the intensity of the absorbed light is measured, which is less sensitive to flame instability since the amount of light absorbed by the element is proportional to its concentration regardless of the flame's stability.

Answer:

Atomic emission is more sensitive to flame instability than atomic absorption because atomic emission is based on the analysis of light emitted from excited atoms in the flame. In contrast, atomic absorption is based on light absorption by the flame's particles.

Flame instability can lead to changes in the temperature and pressure of the flame, which can affect the excited states of the atoms in the flame. When the flame is unstable, it can cause fluctuations in the number of excited atoms and the length of time they stay excited. This, in turn, can lead to fluctuations in the amount of light emitted by the excited atoms, making it more difficult to accurately measure the analyte concentrations in the sample using atomic emission spectroscopy.

On the other hand, atomic absorption spectroscopy is less sensitive to flame instability because the light absorption by the atoms in the flame is not as dependent on the excitation states of the atoms. The atoms in the flame absorb light at specific wavelengths regardless of their excited states. Hence, fluctuations in the excited state populations have less of an impact on the absorption signal. However, atomic absorption spectroscopy can still be affected by other factors, such as changes in the temperature and pressure of the flame and the presence of other interfering species in the sample.

Answer:

the experiment measurements might been thrown off

Explanation:

By using the ideal gas law and Avogadro's number, we find that there are approximately 6.72 × 10^22 molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP.

To determine the number of molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we can use the ideal gas law and Avogadro's number.

Avogadro's number (N_A) is a fundamental constant representing the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) in one mole of substance. Its value is approximately 6.022 × 10^23 particles/mol.

STP conditions are defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (1 atm).

First, we need to convert the volume from liters to moles of CO2. To do this, we use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT,

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Since we have STP conditions, we can substitute the values:

(1 atm) × (2.5 L) = n × (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) × (273.15 K).

Simplifying the equation:

2.5 = n × 22.4149.

Solving for n (the number of moles):

n = 2.5 / 22.4149 ≈ 0.1116 moles.

Next, we can calculate the number of molecules using Avogadro's number:

Number of molecules = n × N_A.

Number of molecules = 0.1116 moles × (6.022 × 10^23 particles/mol).

Number of molecules ≈ 6.72 × 10^22 molecules.

Therefore, there are approximately 6.72 × 10^22 molecules of CO2 in 2.5 L at STP.

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the pressure required for 1.35 g of oxygen to dissolve in 1.5 L of water is 3.56 atm.

The first step in solving this problem is to identify the relevant equation.

Henry's law is the formula that relates the pressure of a gas above a liquid to the concentration of the gas that dissolves in the liquid.

In mathematical terms, Henry's law can be expressed as follows:P = kH * Cwhere P is the pressure of the gas, kH is Henry's law constant, and C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid.

To solve the problem, we need to first determine the value of kH using the given data.

kH can be calculated using the following formula:kH = P / CSubstituting the values given in the problem into this formula, we get:kH = 1.65 atm / (0.654 g / 1.5 L) = 3.97 atm/(g/L).

Now that we have the value of kH, we can use Henry's law to calculate the pressure required for 1.35 g of oxygen to dissolve in 1.5 L of water.

To do this, we simply rearrange the formula to solve for P:P = kH * CSubstituting the values of kH and C into this formula, we get:P = 3.97 atm/(g/L) * (1.35 g / 1.5 L) = 3.56 atm

Therefore, the pressure required for 1.35 g of oxygen to dissolve in 1.5 L of water is 3.56 atm.

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The table that can depict the compound is given below

Sodium +1 Na+ Chloride -1 Cl-

Potassium +1 K+ Oxide -2 O2-

Calcium +2 Ca2+ Nitride -3 N3-

Magnesium +2 Mg2+ Sulfide -2 S2-

Ionic compounds are the compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom gains or loses electrons. A cation is an ion charged positively; an anion is an ion charged negatively.

In this table, the first column lists the names of the ions, the second column shows their corresponding charges, and the third column displays their ion formulas.

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The [H3O+] of a solution with pH = 8.7 is approximately 1.995 x 10^-9 M.

What is ph solution ?

The pH of a solution is a measure of its acidity or basicity. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydronium ions, [H3O+], in the solution. Mathematically, pH is expressed as:

pH = -log[H3O+]

where [H3O+] is the concentration of hydronium ions in moles per liter (M) of the solution. pH values range from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral. A pH value less than 7 indicates acidity, while a pH value greater than 7 indicates basicity or alkalinity. The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that a change of one unit in pH represents a ten-fold change in the concentration of hydronium ions. For example, a solution with a pH of 3 has ten times more hydronium ions than a solution with a pH of 4.

The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydronium ions, [H3O+], in the solution. The mathematical expression for this relationship is:

pH = -log[H3O+]

We can rearrange this equation to solve for [H3O+]:

[H3O+] = 10^(-pH)

Substituting the given pH value of 8.7 into this equation, we get:

[H3O+] = 10^(-8.7)

Using a calculator or logarithmic tables, we find that:

[H3O+] = 1.995 x 10^(-9) M

Therefore, The [H3O+] of a solution with pH = 8.7 is approximately 1.995 x 10^-9 M.

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