What factor determines the rate of exchange of oxygen between the alveolus and blood capillaries

Answer:

Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are often used to insert genes and other pieces of DNA into plasmids during DNA cloning.

Energy exists needed for the cells to bring out their metabolic processes. All cells require energy to carry out their metabolic processes. i.e., to live, grow, and reproduce.

Energy exists needed for the cells to bring out their metabolic processes. Moreover, knowledge (genetic information) exists also fundamental to synthesizing and regulating biomolecules required for the cells to carry out their functions.

In closing, energy and knowledge (genetic information) exist both fundamental to carrying out cellular functions.

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Complementary base pairing and anti-parallel arrangement of the two DNA helices are fundamental principles of DNA structure that can be used to predict the sequence of one DNA strand from the other.

In DNA, the two strands are arranged in an anti-parallel orientation, meaning that one strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction, while the other runs in the opposite direction, from 3' to 5'.

The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, with adenine (A) pairing with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairing with guanine (G).

Using this information, we can predict the sequence of one DNA strand from the other by applying the following rules:

For example, if one strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATCGTA-3', we can predict the sequence of the complementary strand as follows:

Therefore, the complementary sequence of the given DNA strand 5'-ATCGTA-3' is 3'-TAGCAT-5'.

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Answer:

Your answer is most probably B).

A), C), and D) are all saying the same thing.

At least one type of Animal is the description characterizes a stable ecosystem.

Ecosystems contain both biotic means living parts and abiotic factors means nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other living organisms whereas abiotic factors include temperature, light, water and humidity.

So we can conclude that at least one type of Animal is the description characterizes a stable ecosystem.

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Monosaccharides are the monomers that make up carbohydrates. It's called the "building blocks" because monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.

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-Daisuke

The use of model organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the genes and molecular pathways that control human diseases, and has paved the way for the development of new treatments and therapies.

Model organisms are non-human species that are used in scientific research to study biological processes and disease mechanisms. By studying model organisms, researchers can gain insights into the genes and molecular mechanisms that underlie various human diseases.

For example, researchers have used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to study the genetics of eye development, which has led to a better understanding of human eye diseases.

Model organisms also share many genetic and physiological similarities with humans, making them useful tools for studying human disease.

For instance, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used to study genetic mutations that cause Parkinson's disease, while mice have been used to study the genetic basis of cancer and to test potential treatments.

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Motor and sensory fibers can both be found in mixed nerves. The optic and olfactory nerves are examples of sensory nerves, which are less frequent and largely comprise sensory fibers.

Unlike afferent nerves (also known as sensory nerves), which transmit signals from sensory receptors in the periphery to the CNS, motor nerves serve as efferent nerves that carry information out from the CNS to muscles.

Just before the spinal nerve exits the vertebral column, the two roots come together to form the spinal nerve. All spinal nerves are mixed nerves because they all contain both sensory and motor components.

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Kingdom—Monera: It comprises unicellular, prokaryotic organisms, having no well-defined nucleus and no organelles.

Kingdom—Monera: It comprises unicellular, prokaryotic organisms, having no well-defined nucleus and no organelles.

The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that range in size from tiny mosses to giant trees. Despite this enormous variation, all plants are multicellular and eukaryotic (i.e., each cell possesses a membrane-bound nucleus that contains the chromosomes).

Prokaryotes are organisms which do not have a membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles. All prokaryotes are placed under the kingdom Monera. Example: Bacteria.

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The conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

I took the quiz

Answer:

It is the ability of cells to respire without the need of oxygen

Answer:

Definition. Identical twins (also called monozygotic twins) result from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm, with the fertilized egg then splitting into two. Identical twins share the same genomes and are always of the same sex.

The situations based on part of the autonomic nervous system is at work:

Sympathetic part:

Parasympathetic part:

The аutonomic nervous system is а component of the peripherаl nervous system thаt regulаtes involuntаry physiologic processes including heаrt rаte, blood pressure, respirаtion, digestion, аnd sexuаl аrousаl. It contаins three аnаtomicаlly distinct divisions: sympаthetic, pаrаsympаthetic, аnd enteric.

The sympаthetic nervous system (SNS) аnd the pаrаsympаthetic nervous system (PNS) contаin both аfferent аnd efferent fibers thаt provide sensory input аnd motor output, respectively, to the centrаl nervous system (CNS). Generаlly, the SNS аnd PNS motor pаthwаys consist of а two-neuron series: а pregаnglionic neuron with а cell body in the CNS аnd а postgаnglionic neuron with а cell body in the periphery thаt innervаtes tаrget tissues.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can be seen in the Attachment.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

mitosis plus answer b and c are the same so those can't be correct.

Answer:

they lead to positive change in the population

The Nernst potential of potassium at this point is -50 mV.

The Nernst potential for an ion is the potential across the cell membrane that exactly opposes the net diffusion of that ion through the membrane. The ratio between the concentrations of that particular ion on the two sides of the membrane, as seen above, determines the size of the Nernst potential.

The membrane potential at which an ionic species is in equilibrium is known as the Nernst potential.

The interior surface potential will rise after the transfer as the flow of K+ ions rises.

Calculation:

Nernst potential = RT/zF * ln( [K+]out / [K+]in )

Nernst potential = 8.314 J/mol * K * 300 K / (1 * 96485 C/mol) * ln( 100 mM / 10 mM )

Nernst potential = -50 mV

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The answer is blinks

Answer:

The combination of chromatids in metaphase will be :

AmAm

ApAp

BmBm

BpBp

CmCm

CpCp

Explanation:

Maternal and paternal chromosomes are now in metaphase so it means they would have duplicated as during prophase chromosomes split into chromatids. however, There is no tetrad in mitosis and move to the equator.

So, maternal and paternal chromatids will not mix or pair with one other. Therefore. the combination of chromatid pairs that will be present during metaphase are:

AmAm

ApAp

BmBm

BpBp

CmCm

CpCp

b) Hummingbirds have the highest weight-specific total rate of evaporative water loss.

In the field of biology, hummingbirds can be described as small birds that have the ability to fly just like the majority of other birds. In order to fly, hummingbirds need to have a weight-specific rate for the loss of water.

This weight-specific loss of water by evaporation is higher in hummingbirds because in order to fly, the weight-to-surface ratio of the hummingbirds needs to be small. Hence, a higher amount of water is lost by evaporation in hummingbirds to maintain the specific weight required for flying.

Other options, like chicken, are not correct as chickens do not need to be weight-specific as they do not fly, and hence much of their water is stored rather than being evaporated.

The question will correctly be written as:

Which animal has the highest weight-specific total rate of evaporative water loss?

a) chicken

b) hummingbird

c) ostrich

d) screech

e) owl

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Proteins with disulfide bonds mature to take on their physiologically active form through a process known as oxidative protein folding

By oxidising cysteine residues in the completely reduced protein, oxidative protein folding creates disulfide linkages that are then used to fold the biopolymer into its natural state.

It is a multi-step process that occurs in the oxidising environment of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), involving chemical reactions such oxidation, reduction, and thiol-disulfide exchange as well as physical, non-covalent interactions as previously discussed.

Proline isomerization and thiol-disulfide exchange are combined with a purely physical conformational process, proline isomerization, to examine the "chances" of successfully acquiring a native (biologically active) structure. We do this by using the structure-forming step in RNase A as a model.

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One scientific question that Engelmann might have asked is What is the relationship between the algal pigments and the photosynthetic capacity of the algae?

Theodor W. Engelmann carried out an experiment using filamentous green algae, oxygen- requiring bacteria, a light source, and a prism. He placed the algae and bacteria together in liquid medium in a glass tank. Then he placed the prism next to the tank and the light source a bit farther away. When he directed the light onto the prism, it dispersed into its component wavelengths as shown in the diagram.

These areas correlated to the wavelengths of light striking the algal cell. It is also observed that different pigments of algal cells respond differently to different wavelengths of light and photosynthetic capacity can also be influenced by these pigments. Pigments are responsible for absorbing light and capturing light energy, which is the main raw material for photosynthesis. The specific pigment that responds most effectively to certain wavelengths of light is called the action spectrum.

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Answer:

To examine the importance of light to a plant's growth.

Explanation:

To give a background to this question, I will define a key term "Photosynthesis". Photosynthesis is a compound word made up of photo (which means "light") and synthesis (which means "to put together").

It is the process by green plants use sunlight to obtain nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

The experiment us meant to examine the effect of deprivation of sunlight on a plant's growth.

Therefore, the essence of keeping one set of seedlings in the light is to compare if there is any difference in growth between the seeding kept in the dark cupboard and that kept in the light.

This enables us to conclude whether or not light is important for the growth of a plant.

A scientist hypothesizes that if the inner membrane of a mitochondrion were smooth instead of folded, less ATP would be produced. because There would be less surface area on the inner membrane

A highly folded inner membrane (crista) in mitochondria prevents even small ions from passing through, maintaining a closed area inside the cell. The outer membrane of mitochondria allows the passage of most small molecules and ions. This inner membrane houses the enzymes for ATP generation and the electron-transfer molecules of the respiratory chain, while the matrix within it houses the enzymes for the TCA cycle. In order to make the reduced coenzymes produced during catabolism available as substrates for respiration, the enzyme systems that are principally responsible for the release and subsequent oxidation of reducing equivalents are consequently intimately connected.

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Answer:

hope this help

Explanation:

Nucleic acids are made up of chains of many repeating units called nucleotides (see bottom left of Figure 1 below). The DNA molecule actually consists of two such chains that spiral around an imaginary axis to form a double helix (spiral.)  Nucleic acid molecules are incredibly complex, containing the code that guarantees the accurate ordering of the 20 amino acids in all proteins made by living cells.  Surprisingly though there are only a few different nucleotides: only four different nucleotide units comprise DNA, the nucleic acid of interest to the genealogist.  

This figure is a diagram of a short stretch of a DNA molecule which is unwound and flattened for clarity. The boxed area at the lower left encloses one nucleotide.  Each nucleotide is itself make of three subunits:

A five carbon sugar called deoxyribose (Labeled S)

A phosphate group (a phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms.) (Labeled P)

And one of four nitrogen-containing molecules called nucleotides . (Labeled A, T, C, or G)

Alternating sugar and phosphate units form the two sides of a ladder-shaped arrangement with the rungs or steps each formed by a pair of nucleotide bases. Figure 2 below shows the structural formula of DNA in greater detail. The nitrogen bases are ring compounds with their carbon and nitrogen atoms arranged in single or double rings.  Only certain bases can pair together to form base pairs.  In DNA, Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).  

Notice that in the two figures above, the two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel, that is, they run in different directions. The side of the chain on the left begins with a free phosphate group at the top and ends with a sugar molecule at the bottom.  In contrast, the complementary chain on the right begins at the top with a sugar molecule and ends at the bottom with a phosphate group.  

Happily, it is not necessary to hold the details of DNA structure in your mind at all times!   As the sugar and phosphate sides of the molecule are constant they are frequently represented by parallel lines.  Even better, each of the nitrogen bases is conveniently represented by the first letter of its name.  These conventions allow the simplified representation of the molecule shown in the figure below

Or, even easier, a section of a DNA molecule is often abbreviated to show the bases of just one strand:

A T G G C T A C

Knowing the base pairing convention of A always pairing with T and G always pairing with C makes the complementary strand of the molecule understood.  It is this feature of complementary base pairing that insures an exact duplicate of each DNA molecule will be passed to its daughter cells when a cell divides.

The given DNA template sequence is: 5' GCT AAT CAC CGC ATC 3'. Then, the mRNA sequence will be: 5' GCU AAU CAC CGC AUC 3'.

Further, the corresponding amino acid sequence for the given mRNA sequence will be: Alanine - Asparagine - Histidine - Arginine - Isoleucine.The codons of mRNA are as follows:5' GCU 3' –> Alanine 5' AAU 3' –> Asparagine 5' CAC 3' –> Histidine 5' CGC 3' –> Arginine 5' AUC 3' –> Isoleucine.

Therefore, the mRNA sequence and amino acid sequence for the given DNA template sequence will be as follows:mRNA sequence: 5' GCU AAU CAC CGC AUC 3'Amino acid sequence: Ala - Asn - His - Arg - Ile.

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