what do you conclude from each graph? ​

Answer:

\(Q=30298J\)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, in this heating process, we should consider two steps which have their own associated enthalpy for the same mass of water:

1) Melting of ice at 0 °C.

\(H_1=m_{ice}\Delta _{fusion}H=50g*334\frac{J}{g} =16700J\)

2) Heating of liquid water from 0 °C to 65 °C.

\(H_2=mCp(T_2-T_1)=50g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}(65-0)\°C =13598J\)

Therefore, the total needed heat turns out:

\(Q=H_1+H_2=16700J+13598J\\\\Q=30298J\)

Regards.

Answer:

30,298 joules of heat are needed to melt 50 g of ice at 0°C and then warm the liquid to 65°C

Explanation:

To analyze the heat that must be supplied to the ice, two phases are analyzed: one in which a part of heat will be required to melt the ice, that is, convert 0 ° C of ice to 0 ° C in a liquid state, and another part of heat that will raise the temperature of the melted ice to 65 ° C. So:

Total heat required =  Heat required to melt ice  +   Heat required to raise the temperature of the ice in liquid state

Being fusion, the process that a substance undergoes to go from a solid state to a liquid, then the heat required to convert 0 ° C of ice to 0 ° C in a liquid state is calculated as:

Heat required to melt ice=mass*heat of fusion of ice= 50 g* 334 \(\frac{J}{g}\)= 16,700 J

On the other hand, the amount of heat received or transferred by a body when it undergoes a temperature variation (Δt) without there being a change of physical state (solid, liquid or gaseous) is calculated by the expression:

Q = c * m * ΔT

Where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation (Tfinal-Tinitial).

Then, the heat required to go from water at 0 ° C to water at 65 ° C is calculated by:

q=specific heat of water*m*ΔT= 4.184 \(\frac{J}{g*C}\) *50 g* (65 °C - 0°C)= 13,598 J

So:

Total heat required = 16,700 J + 13,598 J

Total heat required = 30,298 J

30,298 joules of heat are needed to melt 50 g of ice at 0°C and then warm the liquid to 65°C

The molarity of NaOH solution that required 20.15mL is 0.0004032M.

Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

Molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles in the solution by the volume as follows:

Molarity = no of moles ÷ volume

According to this question, 0.325g of KHP required 20.15ml of NaOH for neutralization. The number of moles in this mass can be calculated as follows:

no of moles = 0.325g ÷ 40g/mol

no of moles = 0.008125mol

Molarity = 0.008125mol ÷ 20.15mL

Molarity = 0.0004032M

Therefore, 0.0004032M is the molarity of the solution.

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Answer:

Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, this is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving into mitosis.

Explanation:

Answer:

Interphase

Explanation:

To answer first we need to calculate the molar weight of this molecule (KBr):

For this we go to the periodic table and check the molar weight of potassium and bromine:

K: 39.098 g/mol

Br: 79.904 g/mol

So the molar weight of KBr is:

Now, we know that the solution is 0.955 M, this means that in 1000 ml there are 0.955 moles of KBr. So we calculate the number of moles in 92.7ml:

Now we use the molar weught to calculate the grams in the sample:

So the answer is 10.17g.

Answer:

41.2/3.78=10.9

(this is rounded off to the first decimal)

Answer:

10.9 gal

Explanation:

Recall that 1gal = 3.78l

if 1gal = 3.78l

then Xgal = 41.2l

we have 1gal*41.2L=Xgal* 3.78L

1gal*41.2L/3.78= Xgal

Xgal = 10.89L or 10.9L

A piece of chalk, CaCO₃, has an initial mass of 43.5 grams. The mass of the chalk decreased to 39.6 grams after use. Moles of chalk that were used is 0.039 moles where atomic mass of CaCo₃ is 100g.

A mole must be specified or be based on something reproducible, like all other units. The number of atoms in a sample of the isotope carbon-12 was once the basis for the current definition of the mole, which is now based on other factors.

Today, a mole is exactly 6.022×10²³, which equals Avogadro's number of particles. For all intents and purposes, the mass of one mole of a substance in grams and the mass of one molecule in daltons are essentially equivalent.

Formula for mole,

\(\frac{Mass of given substance}{Atomic mass of substance}\)

substituting values,

Initial moles = 0.0435

Final moles=0.0396

moles of chalk used=0.039

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The ratio of final pressure to initial pressure, given that the volume and number of moles of the gas are held constant is 1.31

The following data were obtained from the question:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

P₁ / 308.15 = P₂ / 403.15

Cross multiply

308.15 × P₂ = P₁ × 403.15

Divide both sides by 308.15

P₂ = (P₁ × 403.15) / 308.15

Divide both sides by P₁

P₂ / P₁ = 403.15 / 308.15

P₂ / P₁ = 1.31

Thus, the ratio of final pressure to initial pressure, is 1.31

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Precision relates to the consistency and reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy reflects how close measurements are to the true value.

Precision and accuracy are two important concepts in the context of errors in measurements. While they both pertain to the quality of data, they refer to different aspects.

Precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility in a series of measurements. It reflects the scatter or spread of data points around the average value. If the measurements have low scatter and are tightly clustered, they are considered precise. On the other hand, if the measurements have a high scatter and are widely dispersed, they are considered imprecise.

Accuracy, on the other hand, refers to the closeness of measurements to the true or target value. It represents how well the measured values align with the actual value. Accuracy is achieved when measurements have a small systematic or constant error, which is the difference between the average measured value and the true value.

Errors in measurements can be classified into two types: random errors and systematic errors.

Random errors are associated with the inherent limitations of measurement instruments or fluctuations in the measurement process. They lead to imprecise data and affect the precision of measurements. Random errors can be reduced by repeating measurements and calculating the average to minimize the effect of individual errors.

Systematic errors, on the other hand, are caused by consistent biases or inaccuracies in the measurement process. They affect the accuracy of measurements and lead to a deviation from the true value. Systematic errors can arise from factors such as instrumental calibration issues, environmental conditions, or experimental techniques. These errors need to be identified and minimized to improve the accuracy of measurements.

In summary, precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy refers to the closeness of measurements to the true value. Random errors affect precision, while systematic errors affect accuracy. To ensure high-quality measurements, both precision and accuracy need to be considered and appropriate techniques should be employed to minimize errors.

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Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation: Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances.

Answer:

D. Potential

Explanation:

Answer:

Potential

Explanation:

Gravitational potential is the energy the object has of it's position of the earth's surface. When the object is lifted, work is done.  When work is done in raising the height of an object, energy is transferred as a gain in the gravitational potential energy of the object.

Answer:

negative

the chage on hydroxide ions os negative

Answer:

They are symbols of elements.

Ra is the symbol of the element Radium

Ah is the symbol of the element Arrhenium

Ma  is the symbol of the element Molybdenum

Ga  is the symbol of the element Gallium

La  is the symbol of the element Lanthanum

Answer:

Ra is the symbol of the element Radium

Ah is the symbol of the element Arrhenium

Ma  is the symbol of the element Molybdenum

Ga  is the symbol of the element Gallium

La  is the symbol of the element Lanthanum

Explanation:

They are elements

To determine the number of moles of Ca needed to react completely with 6.0 moles of H20, we can balance the equation:

Ca + 2H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + H2

Since the number of moles of H2O is given (6.0 moles), we can calculate the number of moles of Ca needed to react with this amount of H2O:

6.0 moles H2O / 2 moles H2O/mole Ca = 3.0 moles Ca

So, to react completely with 6.0 moles of H2O, 3.0 moles of Ca are needed.

Explanation:

Hund's first and second rules describe how electrons are arranged in an atom's orbitals. Hund's first rule states that when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy (such as the three p orbitals in a given shell), they will each first occupy separate orbitals before any orbital receives a second electron. This means that electrons will always try to maximize their spin, with one electron in each orbital having the same spin before any pairing occurs.

Hund's second rule states that if two or more orbitals of the same energy level are available, electrons will occupy empty orbitals before they pair up in an orbital that already has an electron.

Now, let's look at the orbital notation for sulfur. The atomic number of sulfur is 16, which means it has 16 electrons.

The orbital notation for sulfur would be:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

This indicates that sulfur has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and six electrons in the 2p orbital, fully occupying all three 2p orbitals with two electrons in each and spinning in the same direction. Sulfur also has two electrons in the 3s orbital and four electrons in the 3p orbital, with a single electron in each of the three 3p orbitals and the fourth 3p orbital being half-filled. The half-filled 3p orbital is a consequence of Hund's rule, which predicts that electrons will fill each of the three 3p orbitals with one electron before any two orbitals receive a second electron.

The specific heat of the metal is 1.1106 J/g°C

Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one celsius degree

Here given data is

Mass of unknown metal = 23.8g

Temprature = 100°C

Mass of water = 50.0cm³ = 50 g

Temprature of water =  24.0°C

Final temprature of the system = 32.5°C

We have to find specific heat = ?

So first we determine the heat gain by water

Specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C

Q = mcΔT

Q =  50 g×8.5°C×4.18 J/g°C

Q = 1776.5 Joules

Then we determine the total heat lost by the unknown metal

Taking the specific heat f the metal to be x

Heat = 23.8g×67.5°C×x

1776.5 Joules = 23.8g×67.5°C×x

1776.5 Joules = 1606.5 J

x =  1606.5 J/1776.5 Joule

x = 1.1106 J/g°C

Specific heat of the metal is  1.1106 J/g°C

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates, as well as vegetable fat.

The structure of option A shows a triglyceride.

Triglycerides are a kind of fat present in the blood. Triglycerides are the types of stored fats, which are not in use currently.

The structure of triglyceride is TRI esters containing glycerol bound to three fatty acid molecules.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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Answer:

a. The Zn and HCl both retained their identity.

Answer:  Two cold air masses surround a warm air mass during a warm front, but a cold air mass moves against a warm air mass during an occluded front.

Xeriscaping is a landscaping approach that focuses on conserving water by using drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation techniques. The goal is to create a visually appealing and sustainable garden while minimizing water usage.

Successful xeriscaping projects involve several key elements. Firstly, careful plant selection is crucial, opting for species that can thrive in arid conditions without excessive watering. Mulching is used to reduce evaporation and retain soil moisture.

Proper soil preparation, such as improving drainage and adding organic matter, promotes healthier plant growth. Efficient irrigation systems, like drip irrigation or soaker hoses, deliver water directly to plant roots, minimizing wastage.

Additionally, controlling erosion through the use of retaining walls or terracing is important. Lastly, regular maintenance, including appropriate pruning and weed control, ensures the longevity and vitality of the xeriscape garden. Overall, a successful xeriscaping project harmonizes sustainable practices with a beautiful outdoor environment.

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Answer: 3: visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum

Explanation:

Source: “trust me bro”

The blamer series of hydrogen has a wavelength of 656 nm is originated from n=3 state. Visible .

The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom.

Explanation:

In the hydrogen atom, the energy of the electron in a given energy level is given by formula

Ef=−RH⋅(Z/nf)²

Ei=−RH⋅(Z/ni)²

ΔE=Ef−Ei

ΔE=[−RH⋅(Z/nf)²]−[−RH⋅(Z/ni)²]

ΔE=−RH⋅(Z)²[1/n²f−1/n²i] …(1)

The energy of the photon emitted is given by:

ΔE=−hcλ    …(2)

combining the two equations ( 1 and 2):

−hcλ=−RH⋅(Z)²[1/n²f−1/n²i]      .. (3)

h is Planck's constant=6.626⋅10−³⁴J.s

RH is Rydberg constant=2.178⋅10⁻¹⁸J

Z is the atomic number of the hydrogen atom=1

n is principle quantum number

ni=1    is the initial quantum state of the electron.

nf=2    since the wavelength emitted lies in the visible region of the spectrum ( Balmer series). All visible transitions must end up with n=2.

plugging the numbers in (Eq.3)

−6.626⋅10−⁻³⁴J.s×2.998⋅10⁸ms/656×10⁻⁹m=−2.178⋅10−18J⋅(1)2[1/2²−1n2i]

−6.626⋅10−⁻³⁴J.s×2.998⋅10⁸ms/656×10⁻⁹m=−2.178⋅10−18J⋅(1)2[1/2²−1n2i]

ni=3

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The differences and similarities between the Digestive system and the Excretory system, including their individual responsibilities: Like Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination, etc.

Digestive System:

The Digestive system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food and nutrients. Its main functions include:

Ingestion: The process of taking in food through the mouth.

Digestion: Breaking down food into smaller molecules through mechanical and chemical processes (such as chewing and enzyme action).

Absorption: The uptake of nutrients and water by the cells lining the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

Elimination: The removal of indigestible waste material (feces) from the body through the rectum and anus.

The digestive system includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Excretory System:

The Excretory system is responsible for the removal of metabolic waste products and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Its main functions include:

Filtration: The process of filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood.

Reabsorption: The reabsorption of essential substances (such as water, ions, and nutrients) back into the bloodstream from the filtrate.

Secretion: The active transport of waste products, excess ions, and toxins from the blood into the filtrate.

Excretion: The elimination of the filtrate containing waste products and excess substances from the body as urine.

The excretory system primarily consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It also involves other organs like the skin, lungs, and liver, which contribute to the elimination of specific waste products.

Differences between Digestive and Excretory Systems:

Function: The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, while the excretory system focuses on eliminating waste products from the body.

Organs involved: The digestive system involves organs such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines, while the excretory system primarily includes the kidneys, bladder, and urethra.

Processes: The digestive system involves processes like ingestion, digestion, and absorption, while the excretory system involves filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion.

Types of waste: The digestive system eliminates undigested food material as feces, while the excretory system removes metabolic waste products, such as urea and excess ions, in the form of urine.

Similarities between Digestive and Excretory Systems:

Both systems contribute to maintaining homeostasis in the body by regulating the internal environment.

Both systems involve the transport of substances across cell membranes, either for absorption (digestive system) or excretion (excretory system).

Both systems interact with other bodily systems to ensure overall functioning and balance.

While the digestive and excretory systems have distinct functions and processes, they are interconnected in maintaining overall health by facilitating the intake of essential nutrients and removing waste products from the body.

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The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics defines temperature and makes thermometers possible. For a thermometer to be useful, though, it must be first calibrated. All other basic units of measure, e.g., for length, mass, time, etc., are each defined according to a precise standard.

Answer:

Heat transfer = Q = 62341.6 J

Explanation:

Given data:

Heat transfer = ?

Mass of water = 50.0 g

Initial temperature = 30.0°C

Final temperature = 55.0°C

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g.K

Solution:

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

ΔT = 55.0°C -  30.0°C

ΔT = 25°C (25+273= 298 K)

Q = 50.0 g × 4.184 J/g.K ×298 K

Q = 62341.6 J

Taking into account the definition of calorimetry,   the heat transfered is 5225 J.

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).

The expression for sensible heat in an isobaric process, that is, at constant pressure, is:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case, you know:

Replacing:

Q= 4.18 \(\frac{J}{gK}\)× 50 g× 25 K

Solving:

Q=5225 J

Finally, the heat transfered is 5225 J.

Learn more:

Answer:

D. Electrical energy

Explanation:

I assume you are talking about an electrical current.

(These are by what I know and are simplified, not an exact definition)

A. Mechanical energy is energy that something has because of motion.

B. Magnetism is the attracting and repulsing forces between magnets.

C. Geothermal energy is heat inside of the Earth. Used as source of power.

D. Electrical energy is the result of an electric charge.

The volume of \(N_2O_5\) needed to produce 9.64 L of \(NO_2\) is 4.97 L, calculated using stoichiometry and the ideal gas equation.

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If 3 moles of cl reacts with 3 moles oxygen, there is no limiting reactant or excess reactant because the reactants are in stoichiometric proportions.

To determine the limiting reactant and excess reactant, we need to compare the stoichiometry of the reaction to the given amounts of each reactant.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine (Cl2) and oxygen (O2) can be represented as follows:

2Cl2 + O2 → 2Cl2O

According to the balanced equation, it requires 2 moles of chlorine (Cl2) to react with 1 mole of oxygen (O2) to produce 2 moles of chlorine oxide (Cl2O).

Given that we have 3 moles of chlorine (Cl2) and 3 moles of oxygen (O2), we can determine the limiting reactant by comparing the ratio of moles between the two reactants.

The ratio of Cl2 to O2 required for complete reaction is 2:1. However, since we have equal amounts of Cl2 and O2 (both 3 moles), neither reactant is present in excess.

Therefore, in this scenario, there is no limiting reactant or excess reactant because the reactants are in stoichiometric proportions. All of the chlorine and oxygen will be consumed in the reaction, resulting in the complete conversion to chlorine oxide (Cl2O).

It's important to note that if the amounts of Cl2 and O2 were different, the reactant present in lesser quantity would be the limiting reactant, and the reactant in greater quantity would be the excess reactant.

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the answer is D) 18 electrons