To prevent the accumulation of hormones in our bodies, the hormones are constantly being metabolized and excreted. where are adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones excreted?
Answers
Hormones from the adrenal and gonadal sytems are eliminated through the urine or bile in the liver.
Unbound steroid hormones from the gonadal and adrenal glands are transformed in the liver, where they become inactive, and subsequently eliminated through the bile or urine. The lungs, cell metabolites, or feces do not contain adrenal or gonadal steroid hormones. The steroid hormones are broken down by several tissues, but mostly the liver, into physiologically inactive byproducts that are primarily excreted in the urine, although some are also removed via the bile and, finally, the feces. Analysis of urine steroids may aid in the diagnosis of endocrine disorders. The liver is the primary site of steroid metabolism. Tetrahydro derivatives are created in the first step by reducing double bonds and adding hydroxyl to the ring.
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Related Questions
Which of the following substances is/are involved in
oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration?
Answers
Answer:
the answer will be
ADP
Oxygen
ATP
so its all the above
Explanation:
The substances involved in oxidative phosphorylation are the electron transport chain, oxygen, and ATP synthase.
The substances involved in oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration are:
Electron transport chain: It consists of a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from carrier molecules, such as NADH and FADH2, are passed along the electron transport chain, resulting in the generation of a proton gradient.
Oxygen (O2): Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. It combines with hydrogen ions to form water (H2O).
ATP synthase: This enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and utilizes the energy from the proton gradient to generate ATP through the process of chemiosmosis.
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Help me pls thank you
Answers
During a discussion about antimicrobial agents, the instructor explains to the nursing students that there are two major methods used to classify antimicrobial drugs. What are those two major methods
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - Susceptible organism and mechanism of action
Explanation:
1. susceptibility is a term utilized when microorganisms, for example, microscopic organisms and fungi can't develop within the sight of at least one antimicrobial medications. susceptibility testing is performed on microscopic organisms or parasites causing a person's infection after they have been recovered in a culture of the specimen .
A bacterial strain is supposed to be helpless to a given anti-microbial when it is restrained in vitro by a concentration of this medication that is related with a high probability of therapeutic achievement.
2. According to their primary actions on microbial cells, antimicrobial antibiotics can be divided into four categories: 1. Inhibitors of the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall 2. Inhibitors of the bacterial protein synthesis 3. Inhibitors of the nucleic acid metabolism 4. Alteration of Cell Membranes.
mass extinction definition
Answers
Answer:
The extinction of a large number of species within a relatively short period of geological time, thought to be due to factors such as a catastrophic global event or widespread environmental change that occurs too rapidly for most species to adapt.
Explanation:
Hope this is helpful.
7. Design an experiment to test the effect of varying the pH on the functioning of the enzyme
catalase.
b) describe your experimental group
Answers
pH values for catalase - Each enzyme has a specific pH range within which it functions best. Catalase only functions in people between a pH of 7 and a pH of 11. The enzyme loses its structure and becomes denaturated if the pH is more than 11 or less than 7, respectively.
Each enzyme has a best operating temperature, as well as every enzyme has a best operating pH. For instance, the digestive system's trypsin and pepsin enzymes sever long protein chains in meals into smaller pieces, such as peptide chains or individual amino acids. The stomach's extremely acidic environment is where pepsin operates. Its ideal pH is at around 1.5.Trypsin, on the other contrary, functions in the intestinal tract, which has certain areas with a pH of about 7.5. The ideal pH for trypsin is around 8. Amino acids with opposite charges will attract within the enzyme molecule. This affects how the enzyme molecule folds, how it is shaped, and how the active site is shaped. The charge on the molecules of the amino acids will change when the pH changes. The volume of oxygen evolved over a five-minute period was plotted versus the relative reaction rate. Every time the experiment was conducted, the control displayed the same enzyme activity. Up until the optimal pH level, which is around 6.3, the relative reaction rate went up with pH; however, as pH climbed, the rate of reaction declined.
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Critical protein-protein interactions within the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex: Take-home points for the cell biologist
Answers
Protein-protein interactions within the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex:
The T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor-dependent NF-B induction and lymphocyte activation are mediated by the CBM complex, which is made up of the proteins CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1. Each of the proto-oncoproteins CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 is a somatic gain-of-function mutation or chromosomal translocation, and dysregulation of CBM signaling is a characteristic of numerous lymphoid malignancies, including Activated B-cell Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Moreover, a number of immunological dysregulation diseases have been linked to both gain- and loss-of-function germline mutations in CBM complex proteins.Over the past ten years, careful examination of the interactions of CBM components has yielded a wealth of detailed structural knowledge. Here, we discuss important discoveries about the molecular nature of these protein-protein interactions that have helped the research develop a detailed understanding of how these proteins come together to form high-order filamentous CBM complexes. Approaches to therapeutic suppression of the CBM complex have thus far centered on obstructing MALT1 protease activity in order to treat lymphoid malignancy and/or autoimmunity. The structural effects of MALT1 protease inhibitors on significant protein-protein interactions are also reviewed in detail.To learn more about protein-protein interaction visit:
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Every living cell, DNA and RNA serve as the molecules that store and transmit genetic
information throughout the cell. These molecules are both forms of which biomolecule?
Answers
Answer:
Nucleic acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are one of the four biomolecules found in living systems ( the other three being carbohydrate, protein, lipids). Nucleic acids, like every other polymer molecule, are made up of monomeric units called NUCLEOTIDES.
The two nucleic acids are Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information throughout the cell.
A chromosomal mutation is best described as-
A. Mutations that involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes in a cell or organism.
B. Changes in the “reading section” of a protein code frame that affect the subsequent amino acids.
C. An amino acid substitution that changes all of the subsequent protein codes on the chromosome.
D.a change in the genetic make-up of an organism that causes speciation to occur in a population.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
chromosomal mutation definition. A mutation involving a long segment of DNA. These mutations can involve deletions, insertions, or inversions of sections of DNA. In some cases, deleted sections may attach to other chromosomes, disrupting both the chromosomes that loses the DNA and the one that gains it.
Which best expresses the relationship between genes and DNA? Genes contain DNA
DNA destroys genes
Both contain chromosomes
The are unrelated
Answers
Answer: The best choice is "Both contain chromosomes"
Explanation: A gene is a short segment of DNA that works in conjunction with chromosomes to make up someone's genetic code. Hope this helps!
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. In what location of the cell would you begin this observation?.
Answers
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where this observation will begin.
As all enzymes are proteins hence we will begin with the endoplasmic reticulum to study the whole process from the formation of enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site that plays a central role in the synthesis of a protein.
Ribosomes, the sites where proteins are formed after the translation of mRNA, are present on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). After the synthesis of a protein, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) also transports the proteins to the Golgi apparatus where the protein is packaged and processed.
Hence, to study the formation of enzymes, we will start with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) whose membrane is the place where all proteins are made.
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which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is true?
Answers
The correct statement concerning the alternative complement system is that it is activated by pathogen surfaces and it doesn't require antibodies.
The complement system is a portion of the immune system that aids in the recognition and destruction of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. The alternative complement system is one of the three pathways that activate the complement system. The alternative complement system is activated by pathogen surfaces and it doesn't require antibodies. Rather than that, it employs a series of spontaneous reactions to identify and target pathogens.The other two pathways of the complement system are the classical pathway and the lectin pathway. Unlike the alternative complement system, the classical and lectin pathways are activated by antibodies. The alternative complement pathway plays a critical role in the defense of the host against infection and inflammation, as well as in the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes from the bloodstream.
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What could occur if excess cement is left at the cavosurface margin of a crown?
A. Slowly dissolve, thus loosening the crown.
B. Irritate the area and cause inflammation.
C. Demineralized the enamel.
D. Create an occlusal prematurity.
Answers
Leaving excess cement at the cavosurface margin of a crown could cause irritation and inflammation of the surrounding tissues. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
The excess cement can act as a foreign body and cause irritation and inflammation, leading to discomfort, pain, and swelling. Additionally, it can make it difficult for the patient to clean the area adequately, leading to plaque accumulation and potential periodontal problems.
Option A is incorrect because excess cement does not dissolve but hardens over time, making it difficult to remove. Option C is also incorrect because excess cement does not directly demineralize the enamel. Option D is also incorrect because excess cement at the cavosurface margin does not create an occlusal prematurity. However, if excess cement is present on the occlusal surface of the crown, it can lead to occlusal interference and cause occlusal prematurity.
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What is the name for the loose layer on top of soil created by fallen leaves and plant remains?
1. Topsoil
2. Loam
3. Litter
4. Humus
Answers
Topsoil layer
Sorry if I'm wrong
QuestionMitochondria, ribosomes/ and vacuoles are examples of
Answers
Answer:
vacuoles, ribosomes, and mitochondria are all examples of organelles.
because that is what they are all called when they are in the cell.
The diagram above illustrates the carbon cycle. Which of the Following components of the diagram represent carbon sinks?
A. marine photosynthesis and respiration
B. volcanoes and soil carbon
C. oceans and fossil carbon
D. factories and photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
D) Factories and Photosynthesis
Which answer below accurately explains a scientific theory.
A. A specific happening given specific circumstances
B. An inference based on past experience
C. A well-substantiated explanation accepted as true
D. An agreeable testable explanation that eventually becomes a law
Answers
Answer:
I think it is c since "A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results. Where possible, theories are tested under controlled conditions in an experiment. "
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer:
The photosynthesis equation is as follows: 6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water + energy from light produces glucose and oxygen.
Which best describes a scientific theory?
Answers
Answer: An explanation that is supported by many different experiments
Explanation:
Which development caused a sharp decline in population levels in the Americas beginning in the 15th century?
A. Immigration to Asia during the Age of Exploration
B. Decline in agriculture caused by the Commercial Revolution
C. Diseases introduced by the Columbian Exchange
D. Introduction of slavery through the triangular trade
Is this the correct answer: Diseases introduced by the Columbian Exchange
Answers
PLs I NEED HELP RN I GIVE U 100 PINTS ITS RLY URGENTT Objectives:
In the lesson, you will:
know the function of major organelles in plant and animal cells
compare and contrast the structure and function of major organelles of plant and animal cells
relate structure to function for the components of plants and animal cells
Big Ideas:
Key Questions and Terms Notes
What are the two main types of cells? What is the difference between these cells?
Use the video to describe the function of each of the following cell structures:
Cytoplasm:
Nucleus:
Mitochondria:
Endoplasmic reticulum:
Ribosomes:
Golgi apparatus:
Vesicles:
Lysosomes:
Cell membrane:
What are organelles?
How are the functions of organelles in animal cells and those in plant cells similar and different?
Draw and label an animal cell.
Draw and label a plant cell.
I WILL REPORT IF U JUST DO IT FOR POINTS AND U JUST PUT NONSENSE
Answers
Answer:
1. The two main cell types are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm contains enzymes that break down waste. It also provides shape to the cell. Cytoplasm enables organelles to remain where they are.
Nucleus: The nucleus controls activity inside the cell. It also carries genes.
Mitochondria: Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
Ribosomes: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make proteins.
Golgi apparatus: A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
Vesicles: Transport vesicles help move materials, such as proteins and other molecules, from one part of a cell to another.
Lysosomes: A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
Cell membrane: The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
3. An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body. Among the more important cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information; mitochondria, which produce chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.
4. Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.
Explanation:
You will have to draw and label your own cells, but I hope this helps!
Answer:
1. The two main cell types are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm contains enzymes that break down waste. It also provides shape to the cell. Cytoplasm enables organelles to remain where they are.
Nucleus: The nucleus controls activity inside the cell. It also carries genes.
Mitochondria: Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
Ribosomes: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make proteins.
Golgi apparatus: A Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, is a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
Vesicles: Transport vesicles help move materials, such as proteins and other molecules, from one part of a cell to another.
Lysosomes: A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
Cell membrane: The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
3. An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body. Among the more important cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information; mitochondria, which produce chemical energy; and ribosomes, which assemble proteins.
4. Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.
Explanation:
A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a mutualistic symbiosis between O two different fungal species O a fungus and a gymnosperm O a fungus and an heterotrophic protist O a fungus and plant spores O a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria
Answers
A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria.
What is the symbiotic relationship in a lichen?Lichens are fascinating organisms that result from a unique partnership between a fungus and either an alga or a cyanobacterium. This symbiotic relationship is crucial for the survival and success of lichens. The fungus provides a protective structure and absorbs water and nutrients from the environment.
Meanwhile, the alga or cyanobacterium performs photosynthesis, producing organic compounds that nourish both partners. The combination of these two organisms creates a remarkable organism with a wide range of forms and ecological adaptations.
Lichens can be found in diverse habitats, from rocky surfaces to tree trunks, and even in extreme environments such as deserts and Arctic regions. They play essential roles in ecosystems by stabilizing soils, contributing to nitrogen fixation, and serving as a food source for various organisms.
Additionally, lichens are known for their resilience and ability to survive in challenging conditions, making them valuable indicators of environmental health and air quality.
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Which statement about the immune system is false?
Answers
Answer:
Can you please give the options because there are many questions to this?
Answer:
B. Lymph contains water and blood cells is the false statement.
Explanation:
have a nice day!
Which has been a negative impact of technology?
OA. More waste
B. Less access to food
OC. Less farming
OD. More human labor
SUBM
Answers
OA. More waste
B. Less access to food
OC. Less farming
OD. More human labor
SUBM
Answer:A.More waste
cytochrome b6f is most similar to mitochondrial _____ with the exception that electrons are passed to _____, not to cytochrome c.
Answers
Cytochrome b6f is most similar to mitochondrial complex III with the exception that electrons are passed to plastocyanin, not to cytochrome c
Answer - The cytochrome b6f complex (plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase; EC 1.10.99.1) is an enzyme found in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts of plants, cyanobacteria, and green algae, that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin. The reaction is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by cytochrome bc1 (Complex III) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. During photosynthesis, the cytochrome b6f complex is one step along the chain that transfers electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, and at the same time pumps protons into the thylakoid space, contributing to the generation of an electrochemical (energy) gradient that is later used to synthesize ATP from ADP. The cytochrome b6f complex is a dimer, with each monomer composed of eight subunits.These consist of four large subunits: a 32 kDa cytochrome f with a c-type cytochrome, a 25 kDa cytochrome b6 with a low- and high-potential heme group, a 19 kDa Rieske iron-sulfur protein containing a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and a 17 kDa subunit IV; along with four small subunits (3-4 kDa): PetG, PetL, PetM, and PetN.[3][4] The total molecular weight is 217 kDa
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Why would scientist feel the need to add on to the Cell Theory?
Answers
Answer:
his is crucial for us understanding biology because cells form the basis of all life. We can have unicellular organisms, like bacteria, like yeasts. [And] cell division, the division of a cell from one, to two, to four, forms the basis of growth and development of all living things.
Explanation:
which characteristic makes fungi similar to plants
Answers
during which phase of the cell cycle is dna copied?
Answers
Answer:
S phase
Explanation:
What’s the fossil fuels and why are they a problem.?
Answers
Burning fossil fuels emits a number of air pollutants that are harmful to both the environment and public health. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, primarily the result of burning coal, contribute to acid rain and the formation of harmful particulate matter.
Answer:
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules originating in ancient photosynthesis that release energy in combustion.
Explanation:
the fossil fuels are a problem because: Fossil fuels take a toll on the environment. They cause obvious problems such as oil spills and smog filled air. ... Acid rain, for example, caused partially by sulfur in fossil fuels, damages buildings and harms trees, aquatic life, and insects. Pollution mixes with clouds and forms acid rain.
Si un RNA mensajero (mRNA) esta formado por 700 nucleótidos, ¿puede ser posible que
la cadena peptídica sintetizada tenga tan solo 70 aminoácidos?
Answers
Answer:
Si, esto es posible ya que para llegar a su forma madura el ARN mensajero sufre un procesamiento conocido como empalme alternativo donde su longitud se reduce drásticamente mediante la eliminación de regiones no codificantes (intrones) presentes en el trascripto primario
Explanation:
En células eucariotas, la transcripción refiere al proceso donde un gen es usado como templado para generar un ARN mensajero (ARNm) inmaduro conocido como pre-ARNm, el cual contiene regiones cortas codificantes (exones) y regiones largas no codificantes (intrones). Durante el proceso de empalme alternativo, también conocido como splicing alternativo, este pre-ARNm sufre un procesamiento mediante el cual los intrones son eliminados y los exones son retenidos y empalmados, con lo cual el ARNm maduro final reduce drásticamente su longitud original. En el caso arriba descripto, una proteína con 70 aminoácidos resultaría de la traducción de un ARNm maduro que posee 210 bases nucloetídicas, ya que cada triplete de nucleótidos o 'codón' corresponde a un sólo aminoácido agregado a la cadena polipeptídica durante la síntesis proteica en los ribosomas.
1.1.5 The phase of photosynthesis where chlorophyll molecules Convert radiant energy in two Chemical energy A. Light Phase B. Dark Phase C. Light intensity D. Temperature
Answers
explanation:
radiant energy is also known as sunlight. Chlorophyll molecules absorb this light energy as well as an electron from the conversion of h2o to o2. the light energy excites the electron (all of this is happening in photosystem 2) and causes two electron transport chains to initiate. Eventually, two chemical energy compounds will form, ATP and NADPH