Answers
In an ecosystem, there are generally four main trophic levels: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. Energy flow through trophic levels follows the 10% rule, known as ecological efficiency.
Producers, often plants or algae, are at the base of the food chain.
They are capable of photosynthesis, which allows them to convert sunlight into energy-rich organic compounds.
This process forms the foundation of the ecosystem's energy flow.
Primary consumers, also known as herbivores, occupy the second trophic level.
They feed directly on producers, consuming plant material for energy.
These herbivores serve as a link between the producers and higher trophic levels.
The third trophic level consists of secondary consumers, typically carnivores or omnivores.
They feed on the primary consumers, obtaining energy by consuming herbivores.
These secondary consumers play a crucial role in transferring energy from lower trophic levels to higher ones.
Finally, at the top of the food chain, we find the tertiary consumers.
These are usually apex predators that feed on other carnivores.
Tertiary consumers receive the least amount of energy from the ecosystem, as energy is lost and dispersed at each trophic level.
Energy flow through trophic levels follows the 10% rule, known as ecological efficiency.
Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next.
The rest is either used for metabolic processes or lost as heat.
This energy transfer ultimately maintains the delicate balance within an ecosystem and sustains its diverse organisms.
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Probable question may be:
Can you list the trophic levels in an ecosystem and explain the flow of energy through these levels.
Related Questions
Why is evolution against religion?
Answers
Answer:
The theory of evolution seemed to go against religious teachings that God made the Earth and created all living things, as they knew them. Christians believed that God had created humans 'in his own image', that humans were superior to all other creatures and had a soul that is immortal.
Explanation:
Answer:
The theory of evolution seemed to go against religious teachings that God made the Earth and created all living things, as they knew them. Christians believed that God had created humans 'in his own image', that humans were superior to all other creatures and had a soul that is immortal.
Explanation:
but evolution is a myth
Skeletal muscle reflexes can be either monosynaptic or polysynaptic. Which of the following statements is true regarding monosynaptic versus polysynaptic skeletal muscle reflexes?
Choose the best answer.
a. Monosynaptic reflexes are composed of only two neurons between the stimulus and target cell, while polysynaptic reflexes contain three or more neurons.
b. Upon a painful stimulus, a person would withdraw their leg and then lose their balance and possibly fall over
c. Upon a painful stimulus, a person would withdraw their leg and then lose their balance and possibly fall over
Answers
Answer:
A. Monosynaptic reflexes are composed of only two neurons between the stimulus and target cell, while polysynaptic reflexes contain three or more neurons.
The table shown below represents the number of species growing in an area that was logged using clear-cutting 45 years ago in Temagami, Ontario. Data was collected periodically over 45 years.
Describe the changes occurring in vegetation type and species diversity over the 45 years.
What does the pattern of change tell you about what is happening in this area?
Explain how the data supports your conclusion.
Answers
According to the information we can infer that in general the number of species has increased.
What conclusion can we draw from the graph?Based on the information in the graph, we can conclude that over the years the number of species has increased. In the case of grasses, it went from having 32 species to having 35. In the case of trees, it went from having 0 to having 24, and in the case of shrubs, it went from having 0 to having 18.
In the row that shows the total number of species, it went from having 32 to having 77, which means that it doubled the number of species in this period of time.
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What trend, if any, is evident in Mel’s data?
Answers
The trend that is evident is: Initially, there seems to be support for Mel's hypothesis, but the gold data is not consistent with the predicted trend.
Option C is correct.
How do we calculate?The data for zinc, nickel, copper, and silver shows that as the density increases, the melting point tends to increase.
From the data we can see , the data for gold does not follow this trend, as its density is lower than silver but its melting point is higher.
Therefore, while there is some initial support for Mel's hypothesis, the inconsistency with gold indicates that the relationship between density and melting point is not solely determined by density.
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Which of the following best describes how the process of crossing over during meiosis leads to an increase in genetic diversity?
A) During prophase II, fragments of DNA break off of chromosomes and attach to the ends of other chromosomes, resulting in different gene sequences.
B)During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles.
C) During prophase I, DNA replication takes place, and homologous chromosomes trade places with each other before lining up in preparation for metaphase.
D) During prophase II, sister chromatids separate from each other, and as they travel to opposite ends of the cell, DNA segments of nearby chromosomes are exchanged.
Answers
Crossing over is described as a process that occurs during prophase I, where DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles, as shown in option B.
What is crossing over?It is a process that occurs during meiosis.It is a process that occurs with the breakdown of homologous chromatids.It is the exchange of fragments between homologous chromatids.Crossing over is a very important genetic process as it is capable of promoting high genetic diversity and creating new and different traits.
This process occurs during meiosis, in the phase known as prophase I. In this phase, homologous chromatids are formed and each one of them has its genetic structure.
However, crossing over promotes the breakage of these chromatids and the exchange of fragments between them. Thus creating a genetic structure different from the expected one and coaching changes in the formation of the organism.
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Answer:
the one above me is correct i got it right on my test
Explanation:
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Match each form of energy to its description.
gravitational potential
Answers
Motion energy refers to the energy related to an object's movement. When an object is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy, which is a form of motion energy.
How to explain the energyThe matching will be:
motion energy = energy related to an object's movement
chemical energy = stored energy related to positions of atoms within molecules
thermal energy = energy of motion of particles in a substance
nuclear energy = energy released when a nucleus splits or combines
gravitational potential energy = energy related to height
sound energy = energy generated by vibration of a string
Chemical energy is stored energy that is related to the positions of atoms within molecules. It is the energy that can be released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. When chemical bonds are formed or broken, energy is either released (exothermic reaction) or absorbed (endothermic reaction) in the process.
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reasons why science teachers think practical sciences is a good thing.
rubric
identify reasons 4 marks
explanation and practical example 16 marks
Answers
Science teachers consider practical sciences to be a valuable component of science education for several reasons:
Hands-on Learning: Practical sciences provide students with the opportunity to engage in hands-on learning experiences. This approach allows students to actively explore and manipulate materials, conduct experiments, and make observations.
Example: In a biology class, students may conduct a dissection of a preserved specimen to study the anatomy and structure of organisms. By physically dissecting and examining the different organs and systems, students gain a tangible understanding of the subject matter.
Application of Theory: Practical sciences enable students to apply theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom to real-world situations. By engaging in practical activities, students can bridge the gap between abstract concepts and their practical applications, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of scientific principles.
Example: In a chemistry class, students might perform experiments to understand chemical reactions and concepts like stoichiometry. By actually mixing and observing different substances, measuring quantities, and analyzing the results, students can see how theoretical concepts translate into practical applications.
Development of Scientific Skills: Practical sciences help students develop essential scientific skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, observation, data analysis, and communication. Through practical activities, students learn to formulate hypotheses, design experiments, collect and analyze data, draw conclusions, and communicate their findings effectively.
Example: In a physics class, students could design and conduct an experiment to investigate the relationship between force and motion. By planning the experiment, taking measurements, analyzing the data, and presenting their findings, students enhance their scientific skills and develop a deeper understanding of physics concepts.
Engagement and Motivation: Practical sciences often increase student engagement and motivation in science education. Hands-on activities provide a more interactive and dynamic learning environment, making science more interesting and accessible to students. It can spark curiosity, promote active participation, and cultivate a sense of wonder and excitement about the natural world.
Example: In an environmental science class, students may visit a local ecosystem to conduct field observations, collect samples, and analyze the data they gather. By immersing themselves in the real environment and actively participating in the scientific process, students are more likely to be motivated and engaged in their learning.
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10) Find the value of x
(13x + 45)
(6x + 2) (12x - 40)
(19x + 3)
Answers
Answer:
I'm not sure if these are individual or supposed to be combined, so I did it both ways just in case :)
Explanation:
For individual:
(13x + 45) ; x= 3.46
(6x + 2) ; x= 3
(12x - 40) ; x= 3.33
(19x +3) ; x= 6.33
For combined:
x= 4.42
i hope this helps! have a good day/night
What’s everyone’s favorite tv show or movie?
Answers
I dont watch tv shows or movies
lol
Fossils of canines were found on opposite sides of a mountain range. The fossils are from species that are anatomically similar, but the climates were extremely different on each side of the range. Which type of evidence for evolution do these fossils exemplify?
A. vestigial structures
B. analogous structures
C. coevolution
D. biogeography
Answers
The phenomenon described in the question is an example of coevolution.
What is coevolution?Evolution refers to the changes that occur in organisms as they metamorphose from one form to another over a given time interval. The changes that occur in one specie usually affects the changes that occur in related species. This is known as coevolution.
Hence, if fossils of canines were found on opposite sides of a mountain range and they belong to species that are anatomically similar, but the climates were extremely different on each side of the range, it is an example of coevolution.
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Answer: it has to be either biogeography or vestigial structures. I believe it is biogeography. Hope this helps you.
Explanation:took 2 tests with same question and analogous structures and coevolution were both wrong.
The order of amino acids in a protein does not matter
Answers
Answer:Amino acids, often referred to as the building blocks of proteins, are compounds that play many critical roles in your body. They're needed for vital processes like the building of proteins and synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters.
Explanation:
argonaute protein null mutants will be defective in translational inhibition but will be able to combat viruses
Answers
RNA interference is a natural process with a role in the regulation of protein synthesis and in immunity.
Members of the highly conserved Argonaute protein family play a central role in regulating gene expression networks, orchestrating the establishment and maintenance of cellular identity throughout the life cycle, as well as in various human disorders, including cancers. Dicer and Argonaute, as the two central proteins within the sRNA regulatory pathways, are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the central mechanism for this mode of gene regulation. Argonaute and Piwi like proteins are present in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, implying that both groups of proteins have an ancient origin. However, the number of Argonaute genes that are present in different species varies.
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What type of fitness training can affect the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)?
Answers
Endurance training, specifically high-intensity aerobic exercises such as running, cycling, and swimming, can significantly impact the hormone erythropoietin (EPO).
Endurance training, characterized by high-intensity aerobic exercises, can influence the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body. EPO is a hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.
During endurance training, the body undergoes physiological adaptations to meet the increased demands for oxygen delivery to the muscles. This is achieved by increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, which is facilitated by an increase in the production of red blood cells. EPO plays a crucial role in this process.
Engaging in activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or any other form of aerobic exercise for an extended period and at a high intensity can stimulate the release of EPO. The repetitive and prolonged muscle contractions during these activities lead to a decrease in oxygen levels, triggering the production and release of EPO from the kidneys into the bloodstream.
EPO then acts on the bone marrow, promoting the production of new red blood cells, a process known as erythropoiesis. The increased red blood cell count enhances oxygen-carrying capacity, enabling improved endurance performance and overall aerobic fitness.
It is important to note that the use of synthetic EPO, also known as blood doping, is banned in sports due to its performance-enhancing effects. Natural stimulation of EPO through endurance training is a legitimate and safe way to improve aerobic fitness and athletic performance.
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following are the types of functions performed by proteins in the human body
Storage
Support
Regulation
Defence
Select the appropriate type of function of proteins for each of the given descriptions
Description Type of Function
1. Recognition of foreign molecules ????
2. Receptors of extracelluar signals ????
Answers
Answer:
1. Recognition of foreign molecules - Defense
2. Receptors of extracellular signals - Regulation
Explanation:
The mountain ecosystems in Utah are home to short plants and grasses. Some large mammals can also be found there, such as the moose. If the hunting of moose increases, what would happen to the population of producers?
Answers
Answer:
The producers will increase
Explanation:
Moose eat producers like grass and leaves, so If there are more moose, more producers will be eaten. If there are less moose, less producers will be eaten, there will be more producers.
Answer:
your answer would be It would increase due to the decrease number of moose eating them.
Explanation:
Just thank me late. Be safe, it's rough out here. Corona is no joke.
11. What is the primary cause of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems (2 points)
O nutrient-rich runoff
O increased biodiversity
high oxgyen levels
loss of algae in that food web
Submit answer Skip for now
End qu
Answers
the primary cause of eutrophication is the input of nutrient-rich runoff into aquatic ecosystems, which fuels the excessive growth of algae and ultimately leads to oxygen depletion and other negative impacts on the ecosystem which is the first option.
Eutrophication is primarily caused by the influx of nutrient-rich runoff into aquatic ecosystems. This occurs when excessive amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, enter the water. The main sources of these nutrients are often human activities, including agriculture, urban development, and wastewater treatment. When these nutrients enter the water, they act as fertilizers, fueling the growth of algae and other aquatic plants.
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Fertility rate is much higher in primary consumer?
Answers
No, fertility rate is not necessarily higher in primary consumers. The fertility rate depends on the species of organism and the environmental conditions in which it lives.
What is fertility rate of consumers?Consumers are not commonly referred to by the word fertility rate. Fertility rate is typically used to calculate how many live births will occur over a woman's lifespan.
For example, some species of birds have higher fertility rates than other animals, regardless of whether they are primary or secondary consumers.
One of the main factors affecting the rate of population expansion is the total fertility rate TFR is the average number of offspring mothers would have if they lived to the end of their reproductive years and experienced the same prevalence of childbearing in each age group as the general population does today.
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would occur if we were suddenly thrown back into the “Dark ages” with no use of technology
Answers
So there are a lot of people who say that the Dark Ages, lasting about 1,000 years, set humans back technologically. However, some say that since the Dark Ages really only affected Western Europe, and not the Middle East or Asia, it wouldn't make a difference.
If there had been no "Dark Ages" there would have been no Renaissance. Historians actually argue about when Renaissance started, and the answer is than it is not possible to pinpoint a date. The Crusade did more to bring the eastern world to western Europe than they did to divide.
Help please!! Louisa wants to find out whether earthworms prefer to live in the dark or in the light. She constructs an investigation. She fills a box with dirt and places 30 earthworms in the dirt. Then, she covers half of the box with a lid. She leaves the other half open. After waiting a week, what should Louisa do next? No links!!!
A. repeat the experiment
B. write a report to present to her science class
C. ask another question about the behavior of earthworms
D. count the number of earthworms that are present on each side of the box
Answers
Answer:
A is the answer because she have to answer again to make sure it is right
Someone pls helppp quick!!!!
Answers
Answer:
First one
Explanation:
A molecule of glucose has 10 fewer hydrogen atoms than a molecule of sucrose
Sucrose- H22
Glucose-H12 + 10 =22
Hope this is right!
Match each item to its best description
A.solar nebula
B.accrrtion disk
C. Solar system
May form after a supernova
Does not spin
A central star with planets around it
Answers
Answer:
Solar nebula- does not spin.
Accretion disc - may form after a supernova
Solar system - A central star with planets around it
Explanation:
Nebula is formed within the molecular cloud and dust . The cloud formed comes together under gravity and a sun like substance is formed,Nebula does not spin and the solar system is formed from it.
The solar system is made up of medium stars also know as the sun with the planets revolving around it. We have four planet that are closer to the sun which is Earth, mercury, mars, venus and four planet a bit farther Jupiter,saturn,uranus,neptune.
Accretion disc is formed from nebula, and its a spin cloud of gas. It is formed after a supernova.
Answer:
Solar Nebula - Does not spin
Accrrtion disk - May form a supernova
Solar System - A central star with planets around it
Explanation:
APEX
8. What abiotic factors distinguish different biomes?
Answers
The abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation (rainfall), and the intensity of wind are primarily responsible for distinguishing different biomes.
What are Biomes?A biome may be defined as a very large ecosystem that is running in nature in an unmanaged way. In a more simple sense, it is a very large area that is characterized by a particular type of vegetation. Some examples of biomes include tropical rainforests, coral reefs, grasslands, etc.
In tropical rainforests, rainfall is found to be greater than 230cm per year and temperature may range from 25-29°C. In tropical deciduous forests, temperatures may range from 25-39°C and rainfall is found to be 130-280 cm. per year.
In temperate rainforests, the temperature on average ranges from 5-25°C, and rainfall is 200 cm per year. In temperate deciduous forests, the temperature is 12°C and rainfall may range from 75-200 cm per year.
Therefore, abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation (rainfall), and the intensity of wind are primarily responsible for distinguishing different biomes.
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how oxygen, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between maternal and fetal
blood via the placenta?
Answers
Answer: The blood vessels in the umbilical cord, the fetus receives all the necessary nutrition, oxygen, and life support from the mother through the placenta.
Explanation:
Because Ambien is in Schedule V, you know that the substance
O has a very low LD50
O is poisonous
Oin not useful as a medication
O is lower risk for abuse and usable without a doctor's supervision
Answers
The fact that Ambien is on Schedule V means that it is at lower risk for abuse and usable without a doctor's supervision. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
When compared to drugs in higher schedules, chemicals in Schedule V are thought to have a lower chance of being abused. This means that there are known medical benefits to Ambien and that sleep problems can be treated with it with a prescription from a doctor.
It doesn't mean that the material is naturally toxic or that it has a very low LD50. It also doesn't mean that it can't be used as a medicine.
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match the following terms to their definitions. match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. words can be used more than once.
Answers
One of the subunits for the organelle responsible for protein synthesis is ribosomal RNA.
Transfer RNA is a molecule that binds to a particular codon and a certain amino acid at the same time. The appropriate amino acid is added to the transfer RNA by the synthetase enzyme. The energy required for synthesis reactions is provided by ATP.
Messenger RNA is a molecule created in the nucleus that details the precise amino acid sequence of the protein that will be produced. Ribosomal RNA may be dispersed throughout the cytoplasm or bound to the ER.
All biological cells contain ribonucleic acid (RNA), a crucial biological macromolecule. It plays a major role in the production of proteins by acting as a messenger for DNA, which in turn carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth and maintenance of life.
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The complete question is
Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Words can be used more than once. ResetHelp Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Synthetase enzymes Transfer RNA ATP 1. : Forms part of the subunits for the protein synthesizing organelle. 2. : A molecule that binds to a specific codon and specific amino acid simultaneously. 3. : Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA. 4. : Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions. 5. : Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made. 6. : May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
Can I have help with this question?
Answers
Answer:
allows for species to adapt to changing environments
Calculate the population density of 900 sheep in a plot of land that is 3.00 km by 2.00km
Answers
The population density of the 900 sheep in the given plot of land is 150 sheep per square kilometer.
The population density of 900 sheep in a plot of land that is 3.00 km by 2.00 km can be calculated by dividing the total number of sheep by the area of the land.
First, we need to calculate the area of the land. The area can be found by multiplying the length and width of the plot of land:
Area = length × width = 3.00 km × 2.00 km = 6.00 km²
Next, we divide the total number of sheep by the area to calculate the population density:
Population Density = Total number of sheep / Area = 900 sheep / 6.00 km²
Performing the calculation, we find:
Population Density = 150 sheep/km²
Therefore, the population density of the 900 sheep in the given plot of land is 150 sheep per square kilometer.
Population density is a measure of the number of individuals (in this case, sheep) per unit area. By dividing the total number of sheep by the area of the land, we obtain the population density in terms of sheep per square kilometer. In this case, the population density is 150 sheep/km², indicating that there are, on average, 150 sheep within each square kilometer of the land.
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write down the steps of double fertilization
Answers
Steps of Double Fertilization.
It was discovered by S.G. Nawaschin (1897) Lilium are Fertillaria sps.1. Germination of pollen on stigma :
(i) By absorbing secretion of stigma pollen swells up and outer layer exine ruptures whereas inner lintine comes out in the form of pollen tube.
(ii) Branched polen tube is formed in amentiferae group.
(iii) In families malvaceae, cucurbitaceae, etc. polysiphonous condition (many pollen tubes from a single pollen) is found.
2. Path taken up by pollen tube :
(i) Pollen tube pierces through stigmatic papilla into the tissue of style.
(ii) Filiform apparatus of synergids secrete some chemotropically active substances, which promotes porogamy.
(iii) Obturator (special structure) act as a bridge for growth of pollen tube.
(iv) Cations are naturally occurring chemotropic agents in the pistil.
3. Entry of pollen tube into embryo sac :
(i) It enters into the ovule by either of the two methods; porogamy, chalazogamy or mesogamy.
(ii) Irrespective of the mode of entry of pollen tube into the ovule, the pollen tube always enters into embryo sac at micropylar end (Porogany).
(iii) If enters through chalaza (base) it is termed chalazogany.
(iv) If pierces through integuments, it is called mesogamy.
(v) Tip of pollen tube penetrates embryo sac and reaches egg apparatus.
4. Syngamy (Generative fertilization)
(i) Pollen tube burst as tube nucleus disorganises.
(ii) One of male gametes fuses with egg cell or oosphere.
(iii) Deploid oospore or zygote is formed.
5. Triple fusion (Vegetative fertilization) :
The other gamete fuses with secondary nucleus forming triploid primary endosperm (PEN) which later give rise to endosperm.
Answer:
Double fertilization is a process unique to flowering plants (angiosperms) in which two sperm cells fertilize two different structures within the female reproductive system. The steps of double fertilization are:
Pollination: transfer of pollen grains from the male to the female flowerGermination: the pollen grain forms a pollen tube and grows down the style towards the ovuleSyngamy: the first sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote (2n)Endosperm formation: the second sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid cell (3n) which undergoes cell division to form the endospermEmbryo formation: the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division and differentiation to form the embryoDouble fertilization leads to the formation of both the embryo and endosperm within the ovule, which ultimately results in the development of a seed.
Biology please help grade 11th
Answers
Mutation may or may not affect the phenotype.
Cause: Point Mutation
Effect A: Altered Splice Site
Effect B: Lack of Regulation
Effect C: No Change
Effect D: Non-Coding Regions
Effect E: Premature Stop Codon
What is Mutation?
Mutation is the process of changing the genetic material of an organism. It is the basic process of evolution, and it can occur naturally or be artificially induced. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful, and they can affect a single gene, multiple genes, or the entire genome.
A mutation can affect the phenotype, or visible characteristics, of an organism by changing the expression of a gene or by altering the structure of a gene product. Some mutations can have severe effects on an organism’s phenotype, while other mutations may have no noticeable effect. In some cases, a mutation may lead to a change in an organism’s phenotype without changing the underlying genetic code. For example, a mutation in a gene that regulates the expression of other genes may lead to a change in the expression of those other genes, resulting in a change to the phenotype.
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How do air masses get from one place to another?
infiltration
transpiration
evaporation
transportation
Answers
Air masses get from one place to another through evaporation
What locations do evaporation and transpiration occur in?
Water that evaporates into the atmosphere from the soil surface, the groundwater table's capillary edge, and land-based bodies of water is referred to as evapotranspiration. Transpiration, or the transfer of water via plants from the soil to the atmosphere, is also a component of evapotranspiration.
Water on the surface of the earth enters the soil through a process called infiltration. The rate at which soil can absorb rain or irrigation is known as infiltration rate in soil science. It is expressed in millimeters per hour or inches per hour. As the soil becomes saturated, the rate slows.
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