if reaction is favorable and spontaneous in forward direction is it spontaneous in reverse direction

Answer:

b. i)

\(MgSO_{4} + 2NaOH ---- > Mg(OH)_{2} + Na_{2}SO_{4}\)

try balancing Sodium first. There's 2 Sodium on the product side. So multiply 2 with NaOH, then you'll see the that there are equal no. of Na and OH on both sides so the equation is balanced

ii) Using the solubility table, we see that when OH- bonds with a metal, in most cases it would produce insoluble product i.e. precipitate. So Mg(OH)2 will form precipitate.

iii. it's a redox reaction. It can also be called a substitution reaction & precipitation reaction.

iv. (SO4)2- produces aqueous solution. NaOH is soluble in water unlike the group 2 metal hydroxides. So the reaction would be

\(MgSO_{4}(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ---- > Mg(OH)_{2}(s) + Na_{2}SO_{4}(aq)\)

c. Iron(II) chloride = Fe(Cl)2

Sodium Carbonate = NaHCO3

Reaction:

\(FeCl_{2} + Na_{2}CO_{3} ---- > FeCO_{3} +2 NaCl\)

The balanced chemical reaction equation is; \(MgSO_{4} (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ----- > Mg(OH)_{2} (s) + Na_{2} SO_{4} (aq)\). This is a double replacement reaction and the magnesium hydroxide is insoluble in water.

We know that sometimes, when we mix two reactants that are in the aqueous state, we do get a product that is in the solid state. This implis that the intrecation between the reactants has given rise to an insoluble product. An insoluble product is a product that would not dissolve in the reaction system.

We know that the hydroxides of the alkaline earth metals are insoluble in water according to the solubility rules. Recall that the solubility rules tells us the kind of interactions that could lead to an insoluble product.

This reaction is an example of a double replacement reaction and the equation of the reaction can be shown as; \(MgSO_{4} (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ----- > Mg(OH)_{2} (s) + Na_{2} SO_{4} (aq)\)

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Answer:

t = 1862 s

Explanation:

To do this, we need first to determine the theorical detention time, which can be determined with the following expression:

t₀ = ∀/Q  (1)

Where:

t₀: detention time

∀: Volume of the fluid in the reactor

Q: Flow rate in the reactor

With this time, we must use the following expression to determine the time that the workers will take to vent the tank:

C = C₀ e^(-t/t₀)   (2)

From here, we must solve for time t, and the expression will be:

t = ln(C₀/C) * t₀   (3)

Now that we know the expression to use, let's solve for t. Using (1) to determine the detention time, ∀ is 1900 m³, and Q is 2.35 m³/s so:

t₀ = 1900 / 2.35 = 808.51 s

Now, let's solve for the time t. C will be 0.0015 mg/L (or 1.5 mg/m³ cause in 1 m³ we have 1000 L) and C₀ 15 mg/m³:

t = ln(15/1.5) * 808.51

Hope this helps

Answer:

glaciers seem like it would make sence

Answer:

0.551 moles

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles in 22 grams of argon, divide the mass by the molar mass:

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

Number of moles = 22 g / 39.95 g/mol

Number of moles ≈ 0.551 moles

Therefore, there are approximately 0.551 moles of argon in 22 grams of argon.

Answer:

The new volume will be 808 L

Explanation:

Charles's law is a law that says that the volume of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature (in degrees Kelvin), that is, when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the quotient between volume and temperature will always have the same value:

\(\frac{V}{T}=k\)

Having a certain volume of gas V1 that is at a temperature T1 at the beginning of the experiment, by varying the volume of gas to a new value V2, the temperature will change to T2 and the following will be fulfilled:

\(\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}\)

In this case:

Replacing:

\(\frac{625 L}{273 K} =\frac{V2}{353 K}\)

Solving:

\(V2=353 K*\frac{625 L}{273 K}\)

V2= 808 L

The new volume will be 808 L

By removing the need to build additional transmission lines and equipment, energy storage may reduce costs for utilities and their customers.

By removing the need to build additional transmission lines and equipment, energy storage may reduce costs for utilities and their customers. Energy storage's inherent ability to offer backup power in the event of grid failure is a feature that both residential consumers and commercial owners find highly desirable.

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Answer:

Mechanical Energy

Explanation:

Definition: Mechanical Energy The mechanical energy is

the sum of the kinetic and potential energies.

Approximately 194.0 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) would be required to prepare a 5000 mL solution with a concentration of 0.215 M.

To determine the mass of glucose (C6H12O6) required to prepare a 0.215 M solution in 5000 mL, we need to use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

First, let's convert the volume of the solution from milliliters (mL) to liters (L):

5000 mL = 5000/1000 = 5 L

Now, we can rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:

moles of solute = Molarity (M) x volume of solution (L)

moles of solute = 0.215 M x 5 Lmoles of solute = 1.075 mol

Since glucose (C6H12O6) has a molar mass of approximately 180.16 g/mol, we can calculate the mass of glucose using the equation:

mass of solute = moles of solute x molar mass of solute

mass of glucose = 1.075 mol x 180.16 g/mol

mass of glucose = 194.0 g (rounded to three significant figures)

Therefore, approximately 194.0 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) would be required to prepare a 5000 mL solution with a concentration of 0.215 M. It's important to note that the molar mass of glucose used in this calculation may vary slightly depending on the level of precision required.

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CCI2 is an empirical formula, or simplified formula. Molecular formula is the unsimplified version. So you can just do CCI2 x 2 to get the molecular formula, which is C2C2I4. And if you were to simplify that to get the empirical formula, you would just divide it by the GCF, which is 2 and get CCI2.

According to molar concentration and pH concept, the pH of this solution is 0.808.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.Substitution of values in formula gives, molarity= 12.5/40×1/2=0.156 M  which is H+ concentration, thus pH=-log[H+]=-log[0.156]=0.808 M.

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100 mL of 2.0 M HNO3 is needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of 5.0 M NaOH.

To determine the volume of 2.0 M HNO3 needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of 5.0 M NaOH, we can use the concept of stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between HNO3 and NaOH.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HNO3 and NaOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of HNO3 reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 40.0 mL of 5.0 M NaOH:

moles of NaOH = volume (in L) × concentration (in M)

moles of NaOH = 0.040 L × 5.0 M = 0.2 moles

Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, we know that 0.2 moles of HNO3 are required to neutralize 0.2 moles of NaOH.

Now, let's calculate the volume of 2.0 M HNO3 needed to provide 0.2 moles of HNO3:

volume of HNO3 = moles of HNO3 / concentration (in M)

volume of HNO3 = 0.2 moles / 2.0 M = 0.1 L or 100 mL

Therefore, 100 mL of 2.0 M HNO3 is needed to neutralize 40.0 mL of 5.0M NaOH.

It's important to note that during the neutralization reaction, the reaction goes to completion. However, in practice, it is recommended to add the acid slowly and carefully while continuously monitoring the pH to ensure complete neutralization and avoid over-titrating.

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Answer:

The valence electrons in a solid metal sample are delocalized or evenly distributed throughout the metal structure.

Explanation:

The atoms of a metal in a metal sample are held together in crystal lattice structures by means of metallic bonds. The valence electrons of each atom in a metal are not held to that atom alone but are contributed to an electron cloud surrounding the atoms. Each atom becomes positively charged and are located at the center of crystal lattice while the electrons surround the positively charged nucleus of the atoms. Thus, the atomic nucleus of each are held together by the moving electron cloud and overlapping residual electron orbits.

This model of metallic crystal structure is known as the electron-sea model of bonding in metals. This model of metallic structure accounts for some properties of metals such as high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as ease with which metals are deformed. Since the electrons are not tightly-bound to any single atom but are free to move about, hence, metals are very good conductors of electricity. Similarly, collisions between metal ions transfer energy to neighboring ions and are responsible for their high thermal conductivity. Also, metals are easily deformed because the metal ions can easily change position without having to break any specific bonds.

Answer:

Valence electrons are shared among many metal ions.

Explanation:

Answer:

are in the same orbital

Explanation:

Answer:

are in the same orbit

Explanation:

Answer

Covalent

Van Der waals

Explanation

Iodine is a non-metallic element, two atoms of iodine can combine together by sharing valence electrons. Such a combination is known as covalent bonding. The molecular lattice of iodine consists of a neat arrangement of molecules in the crystal lattice which is held together by weak intermolecular forces.

Iodine, being a non-polar molecule, the weak intermolecular bonding is due to instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions called Van Der Waals.

The law of conservation of mass can be proved by Option D.

The law of conservation of mass, also known as Lavoisier's law or the principle of mass conservation, states that the total mass of an isolated system remains constant over time, regardless of the processes that take place within it. In other words, the mass of the products of a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.

However, the mass balance can be maintained by accounting for the mass that has entered or left the system.

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Answer:

The anawer of this question is 0.024 m/h

Explanation:

Other explanations of the question are additional.

Answer:

3.9%

Explanation:

Exact melting point = 123°C

Measured melting point = 128°C

% error; |measured - exact|/exact × 100

% error = |123 -128|/128 × 100

%error = 3.9%

Percentage error in temperature measurement = 3.9 %

Answer:

4 sig fis so look at the next number which is "4"

answer is 19.97

all numbers not zeros are significant

Answer:

Explanation:

C

The waves that  has the greatest wavelength is Wavelength shown with 1 wavelength stretched over a long distance.

A wave could be a disturbance or variety that voyages through a medium or space, carrying vitality without transporting matter. Waves can take different shapes and happen totally different sorts of waves, counting mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.

Mechanical waves require a medium to propagate, meaning they require a substance like water, discuss, or a strong fabric to transmit the wave. Illustrations of mechanical waves incorporate water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves. In these waves, particles of the medium sway or vibrate in a design, exchanging energy from one molecule to another.

Electromagnetic waves, on the other hand, don't require a medium and can travel through vacuum, such as in space. Electromagnetic waves comprise of electric and attractive areas swaying opposite to each other and to the heading of wave engendering. Illustrations of electromagnetic waves incorporate obvious light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, bright waves, X-rays, and gamma beams.

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Answer: D

Explanation:

The reason it is D is because a balanced chemical equation will always have the same number of atoms on both sides. In answer d, both sides have a total of 4 atoms, so it it balanced.

Answer:

A. High electrical conductivity

Explanation:

solid silver isn't brittle, it has a high melting point, and its not a good insulator.

Answer:

12.044 × 10^23

Explanation:

Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of the elements present in a molecule. 12 gram of carbon that is one mole contains

6.022×10^23 atoms.

. It is called Avogadro's constant.

So, Number of particles = Given number of moles

×

Avogadro number.

Therefore, the number of atoms of He in 2.0 moles = 2.0×6.022×10^23 = 12.044×10^23

There are

12.044×10^23

atoms in 2.0 moles of Helium.

The half-life of Po-210 is 140 days. If the initial mass of the sample is 5 kg, 3.5g will remain after 280 days.

Chemical kinetics is a subfield of physical chemistry that studies the speeds of chemical processes. The rate of the reaction may be used to classify it as quick, moderate, or sluggish. Reaction mechanism also enables us to study the effects of temperature and catalyst on reaction rate and rate constant. It informs us about reaction processes and enables us to apply particular rate constants to certain mechanistic stages.

The rate law for first order kinetics is

K=(2.303/T)×log(a/a-x)

half life=0.693/K

Where

k - rate constant

t - time passed by the sample

a - initial amount of the reactant

a-x - amount left after the decay process

K=0.693/half life

K=0.693/140

=0.086

0.086=(2.303/ 280)×log( 5 /a-x)

0.086=0.07×log( 136/a-x)

1.22=log( 136/a-x)

136/a-x=16.5

a-x=3.5g

Therefore, 3.5g will be left after 280 days.

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5 ppm of Cr means 5 mg is present in 1 L of water. Then, 1000 g of water is containing 5 mg or 0.005 g of chromium.

PPM or part per million is a term used to express the concentration of a solution. 1 ppm is equal to 1 mg of the solute in 1000 ml or in 1 L of the solution.

ppm  = weight of solute/mass of solution ×10⁶. = mg/L

ppm is used to express very minute quantity of ay sample. Usually used in the concentration of heavy metals in water.

It is given that the concentration of Cr in water is 5 ppm, which means 5 mg per one liter of water. 1 l of water is 1000 ml or 1000 g of water. Hence, 1000 g of water contains 5 mg or 0.005 g of Cr.

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In this question, we have to find which of the options represents a conjugate acid - base pair.

The definition of a conjugate acid is a molecule that received a H+ from the surroundings and becomes more electropositive, usually represented with the + sign.

A conjugate base will do the opposite, will be a molecule that releases a H+ to the surroundings, receiving a - sign

The option that best represents this pair is NH4+, that received one H+, and NH2-, which released a H+, letter D

The rate constant for the reaction is either 7.14×10−3 s−1 or 2.50×10−3 s−1, depending on which rate was used to calculate it.

The rate of the reaction is given by the equation:

Rate = -k[A]

where k is the rate constant and [A] is the concentration of the reactant.

Rate at t=140 s:

Rate = (8.00×10−2 M - 0 M) / (140 s - 0 s)

= 5.71×10−4 M/s

Rate at t=400 s:

Rate = (4.00×10−2 M - 0 M) / (400 s - 0 s)

= 1.00×10−4 M/s

Since this is a zero-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is constant, and we can use either rate to calculate the rate constant:

k = Rate / [A]

Using the rate at t=140 s:

k = 5.71×10−4 M/s / 8.00×10−2 M = 7.14×10−3 s−1

Using the rate at t=400 s:

k = 1.00×10−4 M/s / 4.00×10−2 M

= 2.50×10−3 s−1

The rate constant for the reaction is either 7.14×10−3 s−1 or 2.50×10−3 s−1.

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