If a cell is detected with non-replicated or damaged dna immediately before mitosis, what would be an efficient way to delay entry into mitosis until repairs to the dna has been made?
Answers
One efficient way to delay entry into mitosis until repairs to the DNA have been made is through the activation of a cellular checkpoint called the DNA damage checkpoint.
This checkpoint ensures that DNA replication and cell division are only allowed to proceed when the DNA is undamaged and fully replicated.
The DNA damage checkpoint is controlled by a group of proteins that monitor the integrity of the DNA. If DNA damage is detected, these proteins initiate a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the inhibition of cell cycle progression, specifically delaying entry into mitosis.
Here's a simplified step-by-step process of how this checkpoint operates:
DNA damage recognition: Special proteins known as DNA damage sensors detect and recognize the presence of damaged DNA or DNA replication errors.
Activation of checkpoint kinases: Once DNA damage is detected, the DNA damage sensors activate checkpoint kinases, such as ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related). These kinases are responsible for transmitting the damage signal further.
Phosphorylation of downstream targets: Checkpoint kinases phosphorylate a variety of downstream target proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. One of the key targets is the tumor suppressor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in halting the cell cycle and initiating DNA repair processes.
Activation of p53: Phosphorylation of p53 stabilizes and activates it, leading to the transcription of several genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair.
Cell cycle arrest: Activated p53 initiates the transcription of genes such as p21, which inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs are essential for driving the cell cycle forward, so their inhibition prevents progression into mitosis.
DNA repair: During the cell cycle arrest, the DNA repair machinery is given time to fix the damaged DNA or replication errors.
Checkpoint recovery: Once DNA repair is completed, the DNA damage checkpoint is resolved. The DNA damage sensors and checkpoint kinases confirm the integrity of DNA, and the inhibitory signals are removed, allowing the cell cycle to resume and entry into mitosis.
By activating the DNA damage checkpoint, the cell can effectively delay mitosis until the necessary repairs are completed, ensuring the fidelity of DNA replication and preventing potentially harmful consequences that could arise from mitotic division with damaged DNA.
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Related Questions
Who is Ross Carr? Who is Ross Carr?
Answers
All of the members of the same species in the same place at the same time that can interbreed.
O genepool
O population
O community
O species
Answers
Answer:
Genepool
Explanation:
I hope this helps
predict the charge on the predominant species of the peptide e−d−k−r−a−s−te−d−k−r−a−s−t at ph 5.0ph 5.0 .
Answers
The charge on the predominant species of the peptide e−d−k−r−a−s−te−d−k−r−a−s−t at pH 5.0 will depend on the individual pKa values of the amino acids in the peptide and the pH of the solution.
At pH 5.0, the amino acids Aspartic acid (Asp or D) and Glutamic acid (Glu or E) will be predominantly in their deprotonated form, with a negative charge. On the other hand, the basic amino acids Lysine (Lys or K) and Arginine (Arg or R) will be predominantly protonated, with a positive charge.
The total charge of the peptide will depend on the relative amounts of the deprotonated and protonated forms of the amino acids in the peptide, as well as the relative amounts of positive and negative charges. The exact charge on the predominant species of the peptide will depend on the detailed balance of the protonated and deprotonated species of the amino acids, which can be difficult to predict without additional information about the specific conditions of the solution.
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What is the complimentary DNA strand of the following template ATTTTCAGATTA
Answers
Answer:In molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock-and-key principle. ... A complementary strand of DNA or RNA may be constructed based on ... Complementarity is also utilized in DNA transcription, which generates an RNA strand from a DNA template. In addition ...
Explanation:
The use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is crucial to modern agriculture, yet these materials are manufactured from non-renewable resources and may not be so readily available in the future. What would be a likely consequence for agricultural production if these fertilizers were to become more expensive and less available?
A- No food would be grown
B- Soil fertility would increase
C- Crop yield would decrease
D- Cost of food production would decrease
Answers
The likely consequence for agricultural production if nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were to become more expensive and less available is that crop yield would decrease. Therefore, the correct option is C.
To maintain high crop yields in modern agriculture, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers must be accessible and at reasonable prices. These fertilizers supply the vital nutrients that plants require for overall growth and productivity.
The availability and cost of these fertilizers are likely to increase, causing serious difficulties for agricultural productivity. Farmers may have difficulty obtaining an adequate supply of fertilizers, which can lead to nutrient deficiencies in crops and lower yields. The impact on food security, food production and the agriculture sector as a whole could be significant.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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how can you increase system efficiency
Answers
You increase system efficiency to create the smooth running system
The energy efficiency of a system or device that convert energy is measured by the ratio of the amount of useful energy put out by the system means output energy to the total amount of energy that is put in means input energy by useful output energy as a percentage of the total input energy allow you to achieve more with less get things done in less time and allow you to scale your operation
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Which type of cell is found in plants and animals? *
Amniotic
Eukaryotic
Ketonic
Prokaryotic
Answers
Answer:
Eukaryotic
Explanation:
This is the answer because:
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells, therefore, they contain membrane-bound organelles. For example, the nucleus, mitochondria, reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Eukaryotic
Explanation:
just did on flvs\
Which scientist was harshly criticized for his theories on "inheritance of acquired characteristics?"
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck
- Alfred Russel Wallace
- Georges Cuvier
- Charles Lyell
Answers
knowing that the process of cellular respiration requires the activity of enzymes, and based on your previous knowledge, what can influence the efficiency of this metabolic pathway
Answers
pH levels can influence the efficiency of this metabolic pathway, which is the amount of hydrogen ion within a solution. This may alter the effectiveness of enzymes.
EnzymesThe proteins known as enzymes aid in accelerating chemical processes in our bodies. Digestive health, liver health, and many other processes depend on enzymes. A certain enzyme might be unhealthy in excess or insufficient amounts. Our blood contains enzymes that can aid medical professionals in examining us for wounds and illnesses. Proteins known as enzymes assist our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism, to move more quickly. Others are broken down while others are built. Enzymes exist in every living organism.
Enzymes are created in our bodies by nature. Food and manufactured goods both include enzymes, though.
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Hey! for the women and girls, BOYS LEAVE lol
anyone know how to get rid of strong fishy odor "down there"? My little sister is becoming a woman and I never had a big problem with the odor but she does sadly! She needs some help, I know tea used as a wash and probiotics help, but anything else? :D thank you ladies! And some points for ya'll
Answers
Answer:
maybe cleaning herself with some soap? or use some perfume
Explanation:
Genes are segments of DNA on a chromosome that control what?
Answers
Answer:
Your genes contain instructions that tell your cells to make molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in your body to keep you healthy. Each gene carries instructions that determine your features.
Answer:
Genes are the segments of DNA that provide the codes to construct a protein.
Explanation:
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Tapeworm falls in class............
a. turbellaria b. Trematoda c. Cestoda d. None
Answers
Answer:
cestoda
Explanation:
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes).
Major division and partsof the nervous system?
Answers
The nervous system can be broadly divided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS), which is in charge of receiving and processing information from the body and producing reactions. The skull-based brain is where activities like consciousness, feeling, perception, emotion, thinking, memory, and voluntary movement are controlled.
The CNS communicates with the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is made up of all the nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS. The somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system are two more subdivisions of the PNS (ANS).
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which of the following are the three phases of inflammation? a. vasoactive release, diapedesis, and angiogenesis b. cytokine production, vasodilation, and phagocytosis c. vascular changes, leukocyte recruitment, and resolution d. margination, histamine release, and apoptosis
Answers
The three phases of inflammation are vascular changes, leukocyte recruitment, and resolution, which correspond to option c.
In the first phase, vascular changes occur due to vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, which causes increased blood flow and permeability of blood vessels. In the second phase, leukocytes are recruited to the site of injury or infection, which helps to fight off the source of inflammation. Finally, resolution occurs when the inflammation subsides, and the tissues return to their normal state. This process is regulated by the production and release of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Therefore, option b is incorrect as it only mentions cytokine production and vasodilation, and option a and d are also incorrect as they do not include all three phases of inflammation. Understanding the phases of inflammation is essential for the proper management and treatment of various inflammatory conditions.
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which is least likely to push a species towards extinction?
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Answer:
Species that are broadly distributed are less likely to go extinct than those that occupy a small area or whose habitat is disjointed.
In the biosphere, prey represent a food source for predators. An increase in the population of prey means more food for predators, which will
Answers
An increase in the population of prey means more food for predators, which will increase the predators' population.
A predator is an organism which gets its food from the host after killing. It does not live in constant association with the host and this is known as predation.
The population of predator is directly proportional to prey but the population of prey is inversely proportional to a predators population.
As the prey population increases, there is more food for predators. So, after a slight lag, the predator population increases as well. As the number of predators increases, more prey are captured. As a result, the prey population starts to decrease.
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A work resume describing the functions of lipids and what a lipid is.
Answers
Lipid is any form of a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water.
Lipid includes fats, oils, hormones, and various other components of membranes which are grouped together because they do not interact with water. Lipid is any form of a diverse group of organic compounds. One type of lipid, the triglycerides which is considered as fat in adipose cells, and it serve as the energy-storage depot for organisms and also provide thermal insulation.
Functions of lipid are are as follows:
1)Storing and providing energy.
2)Chemical messengers.
3)Cholesterol formation.
4)Regulating body temperature.
5)Formation of Prostaglandin and its role in inflammation.
6)Membrane lipid layer formation.
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Which of the following is not one of the two main systems of plants?
Answers
Question:
Solution:
Remember that a vascular plant consists of two organ systems. These two organ systems are:
Shoot system: includes the aboveground vegetative portions (stems and leaves) and reproductive parts (flowers and fruits).
Root system: supports the plant and is usually underground.
So that, we can conclude that the correct answer is:
VASCULAR SYSTEM.
If a DNA strand has a nucleotide base sequence
of A-T-T-A-C-G-C-A-T, what will the sequence
of its complementary strand be?
Answers
Answer:
T-A-A-G-C-G-T-A would be the sequence of it's complementary strand.
Explanation:
This is because there are 4 nucleotide bases which math with only a certain other nucleotide, which are
A as in Adenine matches with T as in Thymine.T as in Thymine matches with A as in Adenine.C as in Cytosine matches with G as in Guanine.G as in Guanine matches with C and in Cytosine.A good way to remember this is, the letters that are only made of nothing but straight lines (A, T), match with each other, and the letters that have curves in them (C, G), watch with each other.
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The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of what type of organelles?.
Answers
The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of membraneous organelles.
This means that they are organelles which are found in the in any eukaryotic cell. Other organelles found in eukaryotic cells include ribosomes, centrosome, centrioles, chloroplast, lysosomes and others
Cytoplasmic organellesThe protoplasm of all living organisms are made up of both nucleus and cytoplasm. All the organelles which are embedded in nucleus of bitg plants and animal cells are known as cytoplasmic organelles.
Organelles found in the cytoplasm include the following:
Mitochondria: This is referred to as the power house of a cell. Ribosomes: It is the site of protein synthesis Golgi complex or golgi apparatus or golgi bodyEndoplasmic reticulumLysosomes and othersSo therefore, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complex are examples of membraneous organelles
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Describe the cell structure of a typical animal cell. Give the functions of each part of the cell structure.
Answers
A typical animal cell consists of cell membrane, a well developed nucleus, and cell organelles.
What is a cell?A cell is a basic fundamental structural and functional unit of the body.
A typical animal cell consists of:
Cell membrane: it is required to protect the cell from incoming foreign substances and also prevent the unwanted movement of materials from inside to outside of the cell.Cytoplasm: it is the fluid part of the cell that contain several cell organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, ribosome, lysosomes, etc.Nucleus: it is the brain of the cell that controls each and every activity of the cell. It contains genetic material in the form of chromatin material.Thus, this is a typical animal cell structure.
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Where are the majority of
chloroplasts found within plants?
A. In the cells of the roots.
B. In the cells of the leaves.
C. In the cells of the flowers.
Answers
Answer:
Leaves
Explanation:
I’m pretty sure that’s the answer because that’s where the sunlights hits and its how the plant makes energy.
How are map grid lines like landmarks? How are they different?
Answers
what type of food is consumed by many people in the world due to it's plentiful nature and hi nutritional value yet is very under practiced in the us
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But the type of food that is consumed by many people in the world due to plentiful nature and nutritional value would be grains examples cereal, rice, wheat they are very common and provide lots of the worlds energy
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explain the importance of urine analysis in medical diagnosis, giving example
Answers
Answer:
so the doctors can examine the urine to find out if you have any batreria or viruses
Explanation:
Someone please help, the question is down below
Answers
Answer:
AGU
Explanation:
AGU and AGC are the two codons that code for the amino acid, Serine. These codons are made of three nucleotides, thus they have a triplet nature. AGU that code for serine is made of Adenine, Guanine and Uracil joined together, carried on the messenger RNA to be added to the growing polypeptide chain
: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension)
48) Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called ________.
Answers
Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called metabolic disorders.
Metabolic disorders are a group of genetic diseases that affect the body's ability to process specific substances, such as carbohydrates, proteins, or fats. These disorders can lead to a buildup of toxic substances in the body, causing a wide range of symptoms and complications.
Some common examples of metabolic disorders include phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), galactosemia, and Gaucher disease. Symptoms of metabolic disorders may include developmental delays, intellectual disability, seizures, muscle weakness, and organ damage.
Treatment for metabolic disorders typically involves dietary changes, medications, and/or enzyme replacement therapy to help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to improve outcomes for individuals with metabolic disorders.
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The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinori) shares the same class, Elasmobranchii, as white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). What would be true about an organism that shares the same genus as the eagle ray? a) It would be equally related to eagle rays and white sharks. b) It could also share the same genus as white sharks. c) It would be more closely related to white sharks than the eagle ray. d) It could be in a different class than eagle rays. e) It would be more closely related to the eagle ray than to white sharks.
Answers
It could also share the same genus as white sharks. A genus is a category of biological classification ranking between family and species.
Option b is correct.
The first name given to a species is its genus name. Animals or plants that belong to the same genus have a number of characteristics in common. Each genus is made up of one or more species.What is Elasmobranchii?Sharks, rays, and skates belong to the Elasmobranchii class. Their skeletons are made up of cartilage instead of bone, they have several rows of teeth, and they breathe through five to seven gill slits on the sides of their heads.
Spotted Eagle Ray and White Sharks are part of the Elasmobranchii class. This does not, however, imply that they belong to the same genus. When two organisms share the same class, it indicates that they have several traits in common, such as having a skeleton made of cartilage and five to seven gill slits on the sides of their heads. The organisms in the same class are similar in general but not necessarily related more closely at the species or genus level.
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an eco system is ____ if it can continue to function over a long periods of time
Answers
Answer: Sustainable
Explanation: Sustainable eco systems are eco systems that are able to give themselves everything that they need to continue.
4) Do all organisms eat the same food in the food web? How do you know this?
( I started with "No, not all organisms eat the same food")
Answers
No, not all organisms eat the same food in the food web, this is because there are different hierarchies is the food chain.
What is the food web?A food web is a diagram that shows what is eaten by what in an ecological community and how food chains naturally connect to one another. Consumer-resource system is another term for the food web.
Each organism in an ecosystem is a link in a number of food chains. Energy and nutrients can go along different food chains as they move through the ecosystem.
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