how to sketch bode plot of non-unity feedback system
Answers
A Bode plot is a graphical representation of the frequency response of a system, and it provides valuable insights into the behavior of the system at different frequencies. In non-unity feedback systems, the feedback signal is not the same as the input signal, and the transfer function of the system can be expressed as H(s) = G(s) / (1 + H(s)F(s)), where G(s) is the open-loop transfer function and F(s) is the feedback transfer function.
To sketch a Bode plot of a non-unity feedback system, you need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the open-loop transfer function G(s) and the feedback transfer function F(s).
2. Multiply G(s) by 1 + H(s)F(s) to get the overall transfer function H(s).
3. Convert H(s) into its frequency domain equivalent H(jw).
4. Plot the magnitude and phase of H(jw) as a function of frequency (w) on a log-log scale.
5. Identify the frequency at which the magnitude of H(jw) crosses 0 dB (the gain crossover frequency) and the phase of H(jw) crosses -180 degrees (the phase crossover frequency).
6. Draw a straight line from the gain crossover frequency to the low-frequency asymptote and from the phase crossover frequency to the high-frequency asymptote.
In summary, sketching a Bode plot of a non-unity feedback system involves determining the transfer function, converting it to its frequency domain equivalent, and plotting the magnitude and phase on a log-log scale. By analyzing the plot, you can gain insights into the system's behavior at different frequencies and identify any frequency-dependent problems that may need to be addressed.
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To sketch a Bode plot of a non-unity feedback system, you must first determine the transfer function of the system.
This can be done by applying the feedback rule to the open-loop transfer function. Once you have the transfer function, you can use the Bode plot technique to determine the frequency response of the system. A Bode plot consists of two plots: one for the magnitude response and one for the phase response.
To draw the magnitude plot, you can convert the transfer function to its polar form and plot the magnitude (in decibels) versus the frequency (in radians per second) on a logarithmic scale. You can then identify the corner frequencies, where the slope of the magnitude plot changes. These corner frequencies correspond to the poles and zeros of the transfer function.
To draw the phase plot, you can plot the phase angle (in degrees) versus the frequency (in radians per second) on a logarithmic scale. You can identify the phase shift at each corner frequency and at the crossover frequency, where the phase angle is -180 degrees.
Once you have both plots, you can combine them to create the Bode plot. The Bode plot shows how the magnitude and phase of the system response change with frequency. This information can be used to analyze the stability and performance of the system.
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Related Questions
Problem 8.2 Rainwater runoff from a parking lot flows through a 3-ft- diameter pipe, completely filling it. Whether flow in a pipe is laminar or turbulent depends on the value of the Reynolds number. Would you expect the flow to be laminar or turbulent
Answers
To determine whether the flow in the 3-ft-diameter pipe will be laminar or turbulent, we can consider the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the flow regime based on the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.
The Reynolds number can be calculated using the following formula:
Re = (velocity × diameter) / viscosity
In this case, we are given the diameter of the pipe, but we don't have information about the velocity or the viscosity of the fluid. However, based on the context provided, which states that the pipe is completely filled with rainwater runoff from a parking lot, we can make an inference.
Rainwater runoff typically consists of water flowing at moderate velocities, and its viscosity is similar to that of water. In such cases, the flow is likely to be turbulent rather than laminar. Turbulent flow occurs at higher velocities and higher Reynolds numbers, where the fluid particles exhibit chaotic and random motion.
Considering the nature of rainwater runoff and assuming typical velocities, it is reasonable to expect that the flow in the 3-ft-diameter pipe would be turbulent rather than laminar. However, without specific information about the velocity and viscosity, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer.
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Which type of blade is used with a demolition saw?
A chisel-tooth combination blade
An abrasive wheel
A carbide-tipped blade
A combination rip blade
Answers
A video store rents movies to members. Each movie in the store has a title and is identified by a unique movie number. A movie can be in VHS, VCD, or DVD format. Each movie belongs to one of a given set of categories (action, adventure, comedy, horror). The store stores a name and a unique phone number for each member. There are two types of members:
Golden Members: Require their credit card and can rent more than one movie each time.
Bronze Members: Don't require a credit card and can rent only one movie each time.
Make a class diagram for it.
Answers
Here's a class diagram that represents the entities and their relationships for the video store scenario described:
The Class Diagram+---------------------+ +---------------+ +-----------------+
| Movie | | Member | | Rental |
+---------------------+ +---------------+ +-----------------+
| movie_id : int | | member_id : | | rental_id : int |
| title : string | | int |<-------| movie : Movie |
| format : string | | name : str | | member : Member |
| category : string | | phone : str| | rental_date : dt|
+---------------------+ | type : str | | is_returned : bool |
+---------------+ +-----------------+
| credit_card: |
+---------------+
| rent_movies() |
+---------------+
^
|
+---------------+
| GoldenMember |
+---------------+
| rent_limit: |
+---------------+
| return_movies()|
+---------------+
^
|
+---------------+
| BronzeMember |
+---------------+
| rent_limit: |
+---------------+
| return_movie()|
+---------------+
The Movie class has attributes movie_id, title, format and category. Each Member has a member_id, name, phone, and type. The Rental class is the association class that connects Movie and Member through the movie and member attributes, respectively, and adds rental_id, rental_date, and is_returned attributes.
There are two sub-classes of Member: GoldenMember and BronzeMember. The GoldenMember has an additional credit_card attribute and a rent_limit method that allows them to rent multiple movies at once. The BronzeMember has a rent_limit method that allows them to rent only one movie at a time. Both sub-classes have a return_movie or return_movies method, respectively, to allow them to return the rented movies.
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.A rectangular wing, as compared to other wing planforms, had a tendency to stall first at the
A. wingtip, with the stall progression toward the wing root
B. wing root, with the stall progression toward the wingtip
C. center trailing edge, with the stall progression outward toward the wing root and tip
Answers
The correct option to "A rectangular wing, as compared to other wing planforms, had a tendency to stall first at the" is:
B. wing root, with the stall progression toward the wingtip
The rectangular wing planform creates more drag and turbulence at the wingtip, causing the airflow to detach and stall at the wing root first. This is why many modern aircraft incorporate wingtip devices or other modifications to improve the aerodynamics and delay the onset of stall. Platform refers to the overall design and configuration of an aircraft, which includes the wing planform. It provides a stable and aerodynamically efficient surface for the wing to attach to the fuselage of the aircraft. The design and configuration of the wing platform play a crucial role in determining the aircraft's flight characteristics.
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A concrete column has a diameter of 390 mm and a length of 2.8 m . If the density (mass/volume) of concrete is 2.45 Mg/m3, determine the weight of the column in pounds.
Answers
Answer: 1804.61 lbs
Explanation:
Given, diameter of concrete column = 390 mm
= 0.390 m [ 1 mm =0.001 m]
⇒ Radius = \(\dfrac{0.390}{2}=0.195\ m\)
also, Length = 2.8 m
Volume of column (cylindrical)= \(\pi r^2l\)
\(=(3.14)(0.195)^2(2.8)\)
\(=0.3343158\ m^3\)
Density \(=\dfrac{Mass }{Volume}=2.45\ Mg/m^3\)
⇒ Mass = 2.45 x (Volume)
= 2.45 (0.3343158) Mg
= 0.81907371 Mg
⇒ Mass = 819.07271 kg [1 Mg =1000 kg]
Weight = \({mass}\times{gravity}={819.07271}\times{9.8}=8026.91\ N\)
1 N= 0.22482 lb
Then, Weight = \(0.22482\times 8026.91=1804.61\ lb\)
Weight of the column in pounds.= 1804.61 lbs (approx)
Weight of the column is 1804.61 lbs.
Given that,
Diameter of column is 390mm or 0.39m.Length (l) of column is 2.8m.Density of column is 2.45 Mg/m3According to the given data, calculation are as follows,
Diameter = 0.39m
So, radius (r) = 0.39 \(\div\) 2 = 0.195m
Volume of column = \(\pi r^{2}l \)
By putting the value, we get
Volume = [ (3.14)\(\times\) \((0.195)^{2} \) \(\times\) 2.8m ]
= \(0.3343158m^{3} \)
Now, as we know that,
Density = Mass \(\div\) Volume
Or, Mass (M) = Density \(\times\) Volume
= 2.45 \(\times\) 0.3343158
= 819.07271 kg
Now Weight = (M \(\times\) Gravity ) Value of gravity is 9.8.
Weight = 819.07271 kg \(\times\) 9.8
= 8026.91N
Where, 1N = 0.22482 lbs
So, Weight of the column = 1804.61 lbs
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15- Vipsana's Gyros House sells gyros. The cost of ingredients (pita, meat, spices, etc.) to make a gyro is $2.00. Vipsana pays her employee $60 per day. She also incurs a fixed cost of $120 per day. Calculate Vipsana's variable cost per day when she produces 50 gyros using two workers?
A) $100
B) $124.40
C) $220
D) $240
Answers
1. Illustrate the following parts of a hatchback car body i. Rear wing ii. BC-post iii. Bonnet iv. D-post Bonnet V. 10m
Answers
Some of the Illustration of the parts of a hatchback car body is given in the image attached.
What is the car body about?Rear wing: The rear wing is an aerodynamic device typically located on the rear deck of a car, near the back of the roof. It helps to reduce drag and improve stability and handling by providing downforce at high speeds.
ii. B-post: The B-post is the structural member located between the front and rear doors of a car body. It provides support and strength to the car body and is usually part of the side structure of the vehicle.
iii. Bonnet: The bonnet, also known as the hood, is the part of a car body that covers the engine and other mechanical components. It is typically hanged at the front of the car and can be lifted to provide access to the engine.
iv. D-post: The D-post is the vertical structural member that runs between the roof and floor of a car body. It provides support and strength to the car body, particularly in the event of a rollover.
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Re armature of a 4 pole DC generator is required to generate an emf of 520v on open circuit when revolving at a speed of 660rpm. Calculate the magnetic flux per pole required if the armature has 144 slots with 2 coil sides per slot each coil consisting of 3 turns. The armature is wave wound.
Answers
Since the armature is wave wound, the magnetic flux per pole is 0.0274 Weber.
Given the following data:
Emf = 520 VoltsSpeed = 660 r.p.mNumber of armature conductors = 144 slotsNumber of poles = 4 polesNumber of parallel paths = 2To find the magnetic flux per pole:
Mathematically, the emf generated by a DC generator is given by the formula;
\(E = \frac{\theta ZN}{60}\) × \(\frac{P}{A}\)
Where:
E is the electromotive force in the DC generator.Z is the total number of armature conductors.N is the speed or armature rotation in r.p.m.P is the number of poles.A is the number of parallel paths in armature.Ф is the magnetic flux.First of all, we would determine the total number of armature conductors:
\(Z = 144\) × \(2\) × \(3\)
Z = 864
Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
\(520 = \frac{\theta (864)(660)}{60}\) × \(\frac{4}{2}\)
\(520 = \theta (864)(11)\) × \(2\)
\(520 = 19008 \theta \\\\\Theta = \frac{520}{19008}\)
Magnetic flux = 0.0274 Weber.
Therefore, the magnetic flux per pole is 0.0274 Weber.
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A helicopter landing pad is to be constructed over an area of 40 ft by 70 ft. It is to be 2 ft thick. How many cubic feet must be ordered?
Answers
The volume of cuboid in cubic feet which must be ordered is equal to 5,600 cubic feet.
Given the following data:
Length of helicopter landing pad = 40 ft.
Width of helicopter landing pad = 70 ft.
Height or thickness of helicopter landing pad = 2 ft.
How to calculate the volume of a geometric figure?Based on the information provided, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the shape of this helicopter landing pad is a cuboid.
Mathematically, the volume of a cuboid can be calculated by using this following formula:
Volume = l × w × h
Where:
l represents the length of a cuboid.w represents the width of a cuboid.h represents the height of a cuboid.Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
Volume = 40 × 70 × 2
Volume = 5,600 cubic feet.
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Why is the reasoning important when you make a scientific argument?
Answers
Would you expect the factors motivating an engineer to change as he or she proceeds through a career? In what ways? How can the engineering manager make use of these changes? Please solve in details (with clear hand writing) try to involve : motivation theories McGRegor Maslow, Herzberg_we need around 1000 words
Answers
As an engineer proceeds through their career, the factors motivating them are expected to change. Initially, the motivation may be fueled by the excitement of being in a new career, learning new skills, and the prospect of financial rewards.
However, as an engineer becomes more experienced and gains more expertise, their motivations change, and they may be driven by the desire for greater challenges, recognition, and the opportunity to contribute to society. In this regard, this article explores the changes in the factors that motivate an engineer as they proceed through their career and how engineering managers can make use of these changes.
Motivation theories
Motivation is the driving force behind any person's behavior. It is the internal force that prompts a person to act in a particular way. Different motivation theories have been developed to help understand what drives human behavior. These include McGRegor's theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Herzberg's two-factor theory.
McGRegor's theory
McGRegor's theory suggests that there are two types of people- Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, do not like work, and need to be coerced to perform their duties. Theory Y assumes that employees are self-motivated and do not require coercion to perform their duties.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that human beings have five needs that need to be satisfied- physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The theory suggests that once the lower needs are satisfied, the person is motivated to satisfy the higher needs.
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that there are two types of factors that contribute to job satisfaction- hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors include working conditions, salary, company policy, and supervision. These factors do not contribute to job satisfaction but are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction. Motivators, on the other hand, include achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement opportunities.
Factors that motivate an engineer
Initially, an engineer's motivation is driven by the excitement of being in a new career, learning new skills, and the prospect of financial rewards. However, as an engineer gains more experience and expertise, their motivation changes. They may be driven by the desire for greater challenges, recognition, and the opportunity to contribute to society. Other factors that motivate engineers include:
1. The opportunity to use their expertise to solve complex problems
2. The opportunity to learn and develop new skills
3. The opportunity to work with a team of experts
4. The opportunity to contribute to society
5. Recognition for their achievements
6. Opportunities for advancement and career growth
How can the engineering manager make use of these changes?
To make use of the changes in the factors that motivate engineers, engineering managers need to understand what motivates their employees. They should also be aware that different factors motivate different people. Some engineers may be motivated by the opportunity to work with a team of experts, while others may be motivated by recognition for their achievements.
To make use of these changes, engineering managers should:
1. Provide opportunities for engineers to develop new skills and work on challenging projects
2. Recognize and reward engineers for their achievements
3. Provide opportunities for advancement and career growth
4. Foster a culture of teamwork and collaboration
5. Provide opportunities for engineers to contribute to society
6. Ensure that engineers have a good work-life balance
In conclusion, as an engineer proceeds through their career, the factors that motivate them are expected to change. Initially, an engineer's motivation is driven by the excitement of being in a new career, learning new skills, and the prospect of financial rewards. However, as an engineer gains more experience and expertise, their motivation changes. They may be driven by the desire for greater challenges, recognition, and the opportunity to contribute to society. Engineering managers can make use of these changes by providing opportunities for engineers to develop new skills, recognize and reward their achievements, provide opportunities for advancement and career growth, foster a culture of teamwork and collaboration, provide opportunities for engineers to contribute to society, and ensure that engineers have a good work-life balance.
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1. Plot the normal and shear components of stress on the fictitious element relative to (1) Cartesian coordinator system, (2) a cylindrical coordinator system, and (3) a spherical coordinate system. Note: Your drawing should be by hand and in a 3D manner. Write the stress notation in matrix form for three coordinator systems. Explain the biological motivations for using the above three coordinator systems.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
are there any companies that you can get a job at as an air craft engeer after university
Answers
Explanation:
most big airports. my father has the same degree and works for southwest airlines
Where would an engineer indicate the unit of measurement used in a design
Answers
An engineer would indicate the unit of measurement used in a design in millimeters.
What are measurements?The primary unit of measurement is the stocking unit of measure for a given item in a specific organization. You must define an item attribute that serves as the primary unit of measurement when creating each item.
Because the technical drawings are scaled, engineers, architects, and builders may create the items according to exact specifications.
When understanding scales, the number on the left relates to the measurement of the drawing, while the number on the right represents the actual size of the object.
Therefore, a millimeter is used in a design.
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As compared with grinding an unhardened workpiece of the same material, what change in the selection of the grinding wheel would be desirable for grinding the workpiece in a hardened condition?
Answers
When grinding a workpiece in a hardened condition, a harder and more durable abrasive material, a finer grain size, and a suitable wheel shape and size are all desirable factors to consider in the selection of the grinding wheel.
Grinding a workpiece in a hardened condition is different from grinding an unhardened workpiece of the same material.
When a workpiece is hardened, it becomes more difficult to remove material from it due to the increased hardness and resistance to wear. Therefore, the selection of the grinding wheel is an important factor in the grinding process to ensure that the workpiece is ground effectively and efficiently.
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Polarization: Unpolarized light passes through three ideal polarizing filters. The first filter is oriented with a horizontal transmission axis, the second one has its transmission axis at 30° from the horizontal, and the third filter has a vertical transmission axis. What percent of the light gets through this combination?
Answers
Answer:
the percentage of light that gets through this combination is 9.38
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Let us represent the incident unpolarized light with \(I_0\).
So, the amount of light intensity passing through the first polarizer will be;
\(I_1\) = \(I_0\) / 2 ------ let this be equation 1
An the amount of light intensity passing through the second polarizer will be;
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\)cos²θ
given that; the second one has its transmission axis at 30°
so, we substitute;
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\) × cos²( 30° )
\(I_2\) = \(I_1\) × 0.75
\(I_2\) = 0.75\(I_1\)
from equation; \(I_1\) = \(I_0\) / 2
\(I_2\) = 0.75( \(I_0\) / 2 )
\(I_2\) = 0.375\(I_0\) .
Now, the amount of light intensity passing through the third polarizer will be;
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\)cos² ( 90° - 30° )
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\) × cos²( 60° )
\(I_3\) = \(I_2\) × 0.25
we substitute
\(I_3\) = 0.375\(I_0\) × 0.25
\(I_3\) = 0.09375\(I_0\)
∴ \(I_3\)/\(I_0\) × 100 = 0.09375 × 100
⇒ 9.38%
Therefore, the percentage of light that gets through this combination is 9.38
Need help fast 50 points Project: Creating a Morphological Matrix
Assignment Directions
A systematic way to view common functionality of an object's structure and components is through a morphological matrix. You are going to utilize this method to analyze a common household device (from the list below or your own idea). First, create the left-hand column by deciding on the parameters that allow the object to function normally. For example, a pencil sharpener has a blade and a housing unit to support the system. Use the parameters to describe the system. If the pencil sharpener is hand operated, list the parameter of hand turning (either the pencil itself in a small unit or a handle in a wall-mounted device). The parameter column can include specific structures in the device, power sources, or any other information you learned in the lesson. The right-hand columns will include the current methods used by the device to complete the parameter, as well as any other options that would satisfy the parameter. You must create at least two other options for each parameter.
While the matrix provides valuable information for an engineer, it is typically more technological than a client or decision team needs. Therefore, you will also need to complete a one- or two-page analysis of the device, including the current parameter solutions and any recommended alterations to a design. Each recommendation must be supported by information in the morphological matrix.
Here are some ideas of household devices that you can analyze:
can opener
bathroom or kitchen scale
doorknob assembly
stapler
Assignment Guidelines
a completed morphological matrix
each parameter must have at least three solutions
a written analysis of the device with supporting details from the matrix
Submission Requirements
One to two pages double spaced
Proper grammar and vocabulary is required.
Answers
Answer:
The fundamental difference between effective and less effective matrix organizations is whether the tension between different perspectives is creative or destructive. While various processes, systems and tools can help, what matters most is what top leadership says and does and how that flows through the organization in shared targets, clear accountabilities, live team interactions and team-building transparency and behaviors.
Getting matrix management right is linked inextricably to an organization’s culture - the only sustainable competitive advantage. Key components of a culture can be grouped into behaviors, relationships, attitudes, values and the environment.
Environment and values: Each organization has its own environment, context and bedrock values. Everyone needs to know what matters and why. Don’t try to do anything else until you’ve got that set.
Attitude is about choices: An organization’s overall strategy drives choices about which of its parts will be best in class (superior), world class (parity), strong (above average), or simplified/outsourced to be good enough. These choices help determine the need for a matrix and how best to design it.
Relationships and behaviors: This is why organizations have matrices. The most effective of them best balance focus and collaboration. They allow leaders and teams to build differential strengths and then work together to make the best possible decisions and scale enterprises with a creative tension that they could not do on their own.
My colleague Joe Durrett has worked all sides of matrix organizations in marketing at Procter & Gamble, sales and general management at Kraft General Foods and CEO of Information Resources, Broderbund Software and Advo. He has seen matrices at their best and at their worst and offered his perspective for this article along with his partners John Lawler and Linda Hlavac. The 12 ways to make matrix organizations more effective were built on their ideas.
Explanation:
Not all manufacturers use a brake lining wear indicator. select one: true false
Answers
Answer:
it is true
Explanation:
I don’t know why but maybe it’s because they just want you to pay for more than you goes?
DSA specifies that if the signature generation process results in a value of s = 0 a new value of k should be
generated and the signature should be recalculated. Why?
Answers
The DSA specification states that if the signature generation process results in a value of s = 0, a new value of k should be generated and the signature should be recalculated.
This is done to prevent a potential attack called a “cloning attack,” in which an attacker can forge a digital signature by computing the integer k used in the signature generation process.
In this type of attack, the attacker intercepts the signature and reuses the same value of k for different messages, resulting in the same s value for each signature. Since the attacker knows the value of k and the hash function, they can derive the private key and forge a signature on any message.
By requiring that a new value of k be generated if s = 0, the DSA specification ensures that the same value of k is not used for different messages, making the cloning attack much more difficult to execute. This also ensures the integrity of the signature and helps to maintain the confidentiality of the digital signature.
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tech a says that semi-floating wrist pins can be pressed into the rods. tech b says that a rod heater can be used to install semi-floating wrist pins. who is correct?
Answers
The correct answer is both the tech are right that a rod heater can be used to install semi-floating wrist pins and semi-floating wrist pins can be pressed into the rods.
After some kind of friction secures the pin to the connecting, the piston can freely pivot inside the bosses of the piston pin. The most common method of attaching the semi-floating wrist pins to the rod is by press-fitting. The little end of the connecting rod is heated, which expands the metal and the diameter of the hole.If you're using high-level forced induction, nitrous oxide injection, high rpm or heavy sustained loading on your performance engine, upgraded semi-floating wrist pins represent the insurance deal of the century. Wall thickness is a critical factor based on application.
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When should an additional vertical cable support a structure to make it more rigid? Can you give an example
Answers
When the structure is sagging, additional vertical cable support the structure to make it more rigid.
What are some examples of cable structures?The suspension bridge, the cable-stayed roof, and the bicycle-wheel roof are all examples of highly effective cable structures. Any string or cable stretched freely between two points will take the shape of a catenary, as evidenced by the beautiful arc of the enormous main cables of a suspension bridge.
Cable frameworks are a type of tensioned long-span construction that is supported by suspension cables. The suspension bridge, the cable-stayed roof, and the bicycle-wheel roof are all examples of highly effective cable structures.
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1. What most commonly joins the structural panels of
a unibody?
(A) Spot welds
(B) Adhesives
(C) Bolts
(DJ Nuts
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
becasue it is
Technician a says that a steering column may be designed to absorb energy technician b says that vehicle seats may be designed to absorb energy who’s right
Answers
Since Technician A says that a steering column may be designed to absorb energy and Technician B says that vehicle seats may be designed to absorb energy. The both of them ( Tech A and B) are right.
What does a car's steering column do?The rod that the steering wheel is mounted to is known as the steering column of a vehicle. On a shaft inside the steering column, the steering wheel is mounted. The steering inputs are delivered to the steering rack or box by the steering column.
A shaft that passes through the steering column is used to link the steering wheel to the shaft.
Therefore, The purpose of bumper reinforcements, which are often made of highly strong materials like UHSS or aluminum, is to spread the crash energy.
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A student lab group is brainstorming the design of an experiment that uses an ammeter (measures current) and different resistors to determine the effect of the resistance of a resistor upon the current in a simple circuit. Which Post-it note describes the most effective design?Put a 10.0-ohm resistor in the circuit. Measure the current in the circuit. Replace the 10.0-ohm resistor with a 20.0-ohm resistor. Measure the new current. Continue replacing the resistor with a different resistor of known resistance. Measure the current for each resistor. Record all data. Put a 10.0-ohm resistor in the circuit. Measure the current in the circuit. Move the ammeter to a different location in the circuit. Measure the current at this new location. Continue moving the ammeter to different locations within the circuit but be careful to keep the resistor in a fixed location. Measure and record all current values. Obtain a variety of batteries and build several circuits. Make sure that each circuit has at least one resistor and make sure that the resistance values are different in the different circuits. Place various ammeters in each circuit. Measure the number of batteries and the current for each of the circuits. Record the resistance values used in each of these circuits. Put a 10.0-ohm resistor in a circuit with a single D-cell. Measure the current in the circuit. Add a second D-cell and measure the current with two D-cells. Repeat trials for three, four, and five D-cells, being careful to get accurate current measurements for a fixed amount of resistance in each trial.
Answers
Answer:
Put a 10.0-ohm resistor in the circuit. Measure the current in the circuit. Replace the 10.0-ohm resistor with a 20.0-ohm resistor. Measure the new current. Continue replacing the resistor with a different resistor of known resistance. Measure the current for each resistor. Record all data.
Explanation:
The only design that has resistance varying with everything else remaining the same is the first design. That would be what you'd want to do if you're exploring the effect of resistance on current.
Please help!!!! WHICH 2 SKILLS N ABILITIES R ESSENTIAL FOR A SHIP CAPTAIN?? A. Good vision B. Public speaking skills C. Leadership skills
Answers
Hope this is helpful
A plant engineer wishes to know which of two types of lightbulbs should be used to light a warehouse. The bulbs that are currently used cost $41.1 per bulb and last 14600 hours before burning out. The new bulb (at $52.3 per bulb) provides the same amount of light and consumes the same amount of energy, but it lasts twice as long. The labor cost to change a bulb is $19. The lights are on 19 hours a day, 365 days a year. (Assume that the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%.) If the firm's MARR is 16%, what is the maximum price (per bulb) the engineer should be willing to pay to switch to the new bulb? Round the service life of the old bulb to the nearest whole number.
Answers
We have that the new bulb 's Price is P is mathematically given as
P= $100.68
Bulb PriceGenerally the Arithmetic equation for the life time of new bulb is mathematically given as
life time = old bulb life / (usage per 24 x 365)
Therefore
L= 14,600 / (19 x 365)
L= 2.10 years
Where
old bulb=(2 x 45.9) (1 + 15/100)2.10 x 2 + 16
Old bulb=$181.11
After tax
tax = 181.11(1 - 40%)
tax= $108.66
Therefore
the new bulb 's Price is P
108.66 = P x (1.7986) x (0.6)
P= $100.68
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a circular opening 3M in diameter in the vertical side of water tank is closed by a disc of 3m diameter which can be rotated about a horizontal diameter.
calculate the force on the disc
the torque required to maintain the disc in the vertical position when the head of water above the horizontal diameter is 4m.
Answers
Note that the force on the disc is 38700 Nand the torque required to maintain the disc in the vertical position is 65550 N m.
How is this so?Force = mass * acceleration due to gravity
= (volume * density) * acceleration due to gravity
= (πr² * height * density) * acceleration due to gravity
= (π * (3/2 m)² * 4 m * 1000 kg/m³) * 9.8 m/s²
Force = 38700 N
Torque = force * distance
= 38700 N * (3/2 m)
Torque = 65550 N m
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List these materials from least effective to most effective in terms of bridge construction. Explain why the worst is the worst and the best is the best.
Brick
Aluminum
Wood
Plastic
Concrete
Reinforced concrete
Steel
Iron
Answers
Explanation:
The four primary materials used for bridges have been wood, stone, iron, and concrete. Of these, iron has had the greatest effect on modern bridges. Steel is used to make reinforced and prestressed concrete. Modern bridges are almost exclusively built with steel, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete.
Wood and Stone: Wood is relatively weak in both compression and tension, but it has almost always been widely available and inexpensive. Civil Engineers now incorporate laminated wooden beams and arches into some modern bridges.
Stone is strong in compression but weak in tension. Its primary application has been in arches, piers, and abutments.
Iron and Steel: Cast iron is strong in compression but weak in tension. Wrought iron has much greater tensile strength. Steel is superior to any iron in both tension and compression. Steel can be made to varying strengths, some alloys being five times stronger than others. The civil engineer refers to these as high-strength steels.
Concrete: Concrete is an artificial stone made from a mixture of water, sand, gravel and cement. It is strong in compression and weak in tension. Concrete with steel bars embedded in it is called reinforced concrete. Reinforcement allows for less concrete to be used because the steel carries all the tension; also, the concrete protects the steel from corrosion and fire.
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Which 2 versions are unsafe when multi-threaded (*)? (4 points each) because of variable(s) __________________ And _______________________ because of variable(s) __________________ Which version is similar to call-by-name? (8 points) _____________________________________________________________
(*) In a multi-threaded application, you can have multiple function calls active at the exact same time. So, static and global variables are potentially dangerous. If the static or global variables have different values for different callers, they may get incorrect answers. We use semaphores to keep the callers synchronized.
#include
#include
static int sum1(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
}
static int sum1_square(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
}
static int sum1_cube(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
//printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
.................................
#include
#include
static int x; // Sum
static int y; // Sum squares
static int z; // Sum cubes
static void sum2(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
...........................
#include
#include
typedef struct {
int x; // Sum
int y; // Sum squares
int z; // Sum cubes
} sum_t;
static sum_t *sum3(int argc, char *argv[]) {
static sum_t sum;
//TBD
return ∑
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
sum_t *m;
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", m->x, m->y, m->z);
return 0;
}
...................................
#include
#include
typedef struct {
int x; // Sum
int y; // Sum squares
int z; // Sum cubes
} sum_t;
static void sum4(int argc, char *argv[], sum_t *sum) {
//TBD
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
sum_t m;
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", m.x, m.y, m.z);
return 0;
}
...................................
#include
#include
typedef struct {
int x; // Sum
int y; // Sum squares
int z; // Sum cubes
} sum_t;
static sum_t *sum5(int argc, char *argv[]) {
sum_t *sum = (sum_t *) malloc(sizeof(sum_t));
//TBD
return sum;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
//TBD
//printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", m->x, m->y, m->z);
return 0;
}
.............................
#include
#include
static void sum6(int argc, char *argv[], int *x, int *y, int *z) {
//TBD
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int x, y, z;
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
...............................
#include
#include
#define sum7(argc, argv, x, y, z) \
x = 0; \
y = 0; \
z = 0; \
int i; \
TBD
//}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int x, y, z;
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
...........................
#include
#include
// sums[0] is sum, [1] is sum squares, [2] is sum cubes
static void sum8(int argc, char *argv[], int *sums) {
//TBD
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int sums[3]; // sums[0] is sum, [1] is sum squares, [2] is sum cubes
//TBD
printf("Sum1=%d Sum2=%d Sum3=%d\n", sums[0], sums[1], sums[2]);
return 0;
}
Answers
The two versions that are unsafe when multi-threaded are:
1. Version 2 - This version uses global variables x, y, and z for storing the sum, sum of squares, and sum of cubes, respectively. This makes it unsafe in a multi-threaded environment as multiple function calls can access and modify these variables simultaneously, leading to incorrect results.
2. Version 3 - This version uses a static variable 'sum' of type sum_t inside the sum3 function, which stores the sum, sum of squares, and sum of cubes. As the variable is static, it is shared across multiple function calls, making it unsafe in a multi-threaded environment.
The version that is similar to call-by-name is Version 7. It uses a macro (sum7) to perform the calculations, and the variables x, y, and z are passed as arguments, which are directly replaced by the corresponding expressions during the macro expansion.
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Describe how you might use the concept of parts presentation to help a classroom full of children complete a craft project. Discuss how implementing the concept improves the process of making the crafts.
Answers
Answer:
Encouraging your preschooler’s creative play
For your preschooler, time, materials and space to be creative are very important.
Preschoolers like to be spontaneous in their creative play, so it’s good to follow your child’s lead. But there’ll also be times when your child wants you to be more involved in her creative activities. By being actively involved, you can develop your child’s skills and understanding.