a) To have exactly four 1's in a 10-bit string, you need to choose 4 positions out of 10 for the 1's. This can be done in 10C4 ways, which is 210.
b) For bit strings with at most four 1's, it will be 386 bit strings.
c) For bit strings with at least four 1's, it will be 638 bit strings.
d) For an equal number of 0's and 1's, we need exactly five 1's, it will be 252 bit strings.
How to calculate the number of bit strings of lengthTo have at most four 1's, we need to count the number of bit strings with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 ones.
This can be calculated as: 10C0 + 10C1 + 10C2 + 10C3 + 10C4 = 1 + 10 + 45 + 120 + 210 = 386.
To have at least four 1's, we can find the complement: the total number of 10-bit strings (2^10) minus the number of strings with 0, 1, 2, or 3 ones.
This can be calculated as: 2¹⁰- (10C0 + 10C1 + 10C2 + 10C3) = 1024 - (1 + 10 + 45 + 120) = 848.
To have an equal number of 0's and 1's, you need to choose 5 positions for the 1's out of 10.
This can be done in 10C5 ways, which is 252.
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Using R, construct and store a 4 x 2 matrix that is filled row-wise with the following values: 4.3, 3.1, 8.2, 9.2, 3.2, 0.9, 1.6, and 6.5, in that order. Using R, overwrite the second column of the matrix you have created in Q6 with the following numbers: 8, 9, 11, and 17 in that order. Save your updated matrix to an object named BruceLee.
To construct and store a 4 x 2 matrix filled row-wise with the given values in R, you can use the following code:
# Create the matrix
myMatrix <- matrix(c(4.3, 3.1, 8.2, 9.2, 3.2, 0.9, 1.6, 6.5), nrow = 4, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
This code creates a matrix called "myMatrix" with 4 rows and 2 columns, filled row-wise with the provided values.
To overwrite the second column of the matrix with the numbers 8, 9, 11, and 17 in that order, you can use the following code:
# Overwrite the second column
myMatrix[, 2] <- c(8, 9, 11, 17)
This code selects the second column of the matrix using the indexing notation [, 2] and assigns the new values using the c() function. The second column is replaced with the numbers 8, 9, 11, and 17.
Finally, to save the updated matrix to an object named "BruceLee", you can use the following code:
# Save the updated matrix
BruceLee <- myMatrix
Now the updated matrix with the overwritten second column is stored in the object "BruceLee" for further use.
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Explain the difference between parallel and perpendicular lines in terms of their slopes. What form of equation of a line is easiest to determine slope?
Answer:
Parallel lines have the same slope, while perpendicular lines have completely opposite slopes. So a line has a slope of 2, a parallel line would have a slope of 2, and a perpendicular line would have a slope of -1/2. The easiest form to identify the slope is standard form because it shows the slope within the equation with out having to solve the equation or convert it into another form.
A polynomial is shown below.
The binomial z + 1 is a factor of the polynomial. What is the value of c in the polynomial?
x4-x3+x2-x+c
The value of c in the polynomial is -4.
We have,
If the binomial z + 1 is a factor of the polynomial, then (x + 1) must divide evenly into the polynomial, which means that when we divide the polynomial by (x + 1), the remainder should be zero.
Using polynomial long division, we can divide the polynomial
x^4 - x^3 + x^2 - x + c by x + 1 as follows:
x^3 - 2x^2 + 3x - 4
x + 1 | x^4 - x^3 + x^2 - x + c
x^4 + x^3
------------
-2x^3 + x^2
-2x^3 - 2x^2
-------------
3x^2 - x
3x^2 + 3x
---------
-4x + c
-4x - 4
-------
c + 4
We see that the remainder is c + 4, so for the binomial z + 1 to be a factor, the remainder must be zero.
So,
c + 4 = 0
Solving for c, we get:
c = -4
Thus,
The value of c in the polynomial is -4.
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quadrilateral $abcd$ is a square. let $a,$ $b,$ $c$ be parallel lines passing through $a$, $b$, $c$, respectively. the distance between lines $a$ and $b$ is $12,$ and the distance between lines $b$ and $c$ is $17$. find the area of square $abcd$.
The area of square abcd is be parallel lines passing through $a$, $b$, $c$, respectively is the 433.
Squares are quadrilaterals with four congruent aspects and four proper angles, and additionally they have units of parallel aspects. Parallelograms are quadrilaterals with units of parallel aspects. Since squares have to be quadrilaterals with units of parallel aspects, then all squares are parallelograms.
Here we have the values the distance between lines a and b is 12, and the distance between lines b and c is 17.
The distance is 12 and 17
x^2 = 12^2 + 17^2 = 144 +289 = 433
433 is the total that is the area of square of abcd.
Thus the area = 433.
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Green's Gym charges a one-time application fee of $50 plus $30 per session for a personal trainer. Breakout Gym charges an annual fee of $250 plus $10 for each session with a trainer. For how many sessions is the cost of the two plans the same? Write and solve an equation to represent this problem. Make sure to create a let statement: Example: Let s = number of gym sessions.
Answer:
10 sessions
Step-by-step explanation:
let s be the number of gym session
and let y be the cost
the cost can be represented as
y=ms+c
given data
Green's Gym
c=$50
m=$30
y=30s+50------------1
Breakout Gym
c=$250
m=$10
y=10s+250------------2
equating 1 and 2 we can find s, which is the number of session
30s+50=10s+250
30s-10s=250-50
20s=200
s=200/20
s=10
therefore the number of session is 10
What is the total surface area ratio of following similar solids?30 mi45 mi60 mi90 mi09:4O 15:6O 5:4O 3:2
Solid A has five(5) rectangular blocks that are co-joined. The dimension of each, is 45miles by 90miles.
Thus,
\(\begin{gathered} Total\text{ surface area=5}\times Area\text{ of one rectangular block} \\ \text{Total Surface Area=5}\times(45\times90) \\ T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A=5\times4050 \\ T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A=20250mi^2 \end{gathered}\)Solid B has five(5) rectangular blocks that are co-joined. The dimension of each, is 30mi by 60mi.
Thus,
\(\begin{gathered} \text{Total Surface Area= 5}\times Area\text{ of one rectangular block} \\ T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A=5\times(30\times60) \\ T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A=5\times1800 \\ T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A=9000mi^2 \end{gathered}\)The ratio of the T.S.A of the similar solids is given below:
\(\begin{gathered} T\mathrm{}S\mathrm{}A_{solid\text{ A}}\colon T.S.A_{solid\text{ B}} \\ 20250\colon9000 \\ \text{Divide both by 2250, we have:} \\ 9\colon4 \end{gathered}\)Hence, the correct option is Option A
Help with this please
1.) For jogging, the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 minute = 6.5t = c
2.) For surfing, the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 minute = 5.25t = c
3.) For biking, the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 minute =5.5t = c
How to determine the equation that shows the number of calories burnt?To determine the equation that shows the amount of calories that are burnt per minute the following is carried out;
1.) For jogging,
10 mins = 65 calories
1 min = 65/10 = 6.5
the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 min = 6.5t = c
2.) For surfing,
12 mins = 63 calories
1 min = 65/10 = 5.25
the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 min= 5.25t =c
3.) For biking,
6 mins = 33 calories
1 min = 33/6= 5.5
the equation that shows the number of calories burnt after 1 min = 5.5t = c
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x^2-2x/x^2-y^2 - 2y-y^2/y^2-x^2
2−1⋅22−12−2−1⋅22−12
Step-by-step explanation:
System Reliability Theory: Models, Statistical Methods, and
Applications by M. Rausand, A. Barros, and A. Hoyland.
QUESTION: Describe the functions of a vacuum flask (thermos) and
suggest relevant per
The primary function of a vacuum flask, commonly known as a thermos, is to maintain the temperature of its contents. It is designed to keep hot liquids hot and cold liquids cold for an extended period. The heat transfer rate (Q) can be calculated using Fourier's law of heat conduction.
A vacuum flask consists of several components that contribute to its thermal insulation properties:
Inner Container: The inner container is typically made of glass or stainless steel and holds the liquid. Its purpose is to provide a sealed environment, preventing heat transfer through conduction.
Vacuum Layer: The inner container is surrounded by a vacuum layer, which acts as insulation. The vacuum minimizes heat transfer through conduction and convection since there are no molecules to transfer heat.
Outer Shell: The outer shell of the flask is usually made of plastic or metal. It serves as an additional layer of insulation and protects the inner components.
Stopper or Lid: The stopper or lid of the flask is designed to provide an airtight seal, preventing heat exchange through conduction and convection. It also prevents spills and leakage.
The relevant parameters for a vacuum flask can include:
Thermal conductivity of the inner container material
Thickness of the inner container and vacuum layer
Surface area of the flask
Ambient temperature
One relevant calculation involves estimating the heat transfer rate through the flask. The heat transfer rate (Q) can be calculated using Fourier's law of heat conduction:
Q = k * A * (T1 - T2) / d
Where:
Q = Heat transfer rate
k = Thermal conductivity of the inner container material
A = Surface area of the flask
T1 = Temperature of the liquid inside the flask
T2 = Ambient temperature
d = Thickness of the inner container and vacuum layer
A vacuum flask functions by utilizing its components to minimize heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation. The thermal insulation provided by the vacuum layer and the materials used in the flask's construction help maintain the temperature of the contents over an extended period. Understanding the relevant parameters allows for the design and optimization of vacuum flasks to meet specific temperature maintenance requirements.
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what the root of this question?
Answer:
\( \sqrt{125 {p}^{2} } = p \sqrt{25} \sqrt{5} = 5p \sqrt{5} \)
D is the correct answer.
Car A leaves the Grand Canyon at noon. It travels at 80 mph, but stops at 3 pm for an hour. Car leaves the Grand Canyon at 2 pm and travels at 90 mph without stopping on the same route as car A When does Car B catch up with Car A? hours afternoon
Car B will catch up with Car A at 4:45pm, after travelling for 2 5/8 hours (3 hours minus 1 hour minus 3/8 of an hour).
Car A leaves the Grand Canyon at noon and travels at 80 mph. At 3 pm, it stops for an hour. Car B leaves the Grand Canyon at 2 pm and travels at 90 mph without stopping.To calculate when Car B will catch up with Car A, we need to find the time difference between their departure times and the difference in their speeds.Car A leaves one hour before Car B, so we can subtract 1 hour from the total travel time. The difference in their speeds is 10 mph, which is equivalent to 1/8 of an hour for every hour of travel. Therefore, we can subtract 1/8 of an hour from the total travel time for every hour of travel.We can use these two deductions to calculate the total travel time: 3 hours - 1 hour - 3/8 of an hour = 2 5/8 hours. Therefore, Car B will catch up with Car A at 4:45pm.
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Eleanor is 12 years younger than mabel. Mabel is 6 years older than izzy. Izzy is twice as old as Patrick. Patrick is 5 years old. What is the combined age of these four people?
Answer:
35
Step-by-step explanation:
E = M - 12
M = 6 + I
I = P x 2
P = 5
I = 10
M = 16
E = 4
What is the number in scientific notation?
855,000,000,000
Options:
A.8.055 X 10^-8
B.8.5 X 10^9
C.8.55 X 10^11
D.8.5 X 10^7
E.8.055 X 10^8
Answer:
C. 8.55x10^11
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer: 8.55 × 1011
Step-by-step explanation: when a number between 1 and 10 is multiplied by a power of 10 8.55 × 1011
Find the solution to the system of equations.
You can use the interactive graph below to find the solution.
y=−7x+3
y=−x−3
x=
y=
The solution of the system of equations
y = -7x + 3
y = -x - 3
is (1, -4)
How to solve the system of equations?Here we want to solve the system of equations below:
y = -7x + 3
y = -x - 3
We can use the substitution method and replace the first equation into the second one, we will get:
y = -x - 3
(y = -7x + 3) = -x - 3
-7x + 3 = -x - 3
3 + 3 = -x + 7x
6 = 6x
6/6 = x
1 = x
To find the value of y, we replace x by 1 in any one of the two equations:
y = -1 - 3
y = -4
The solution is (1, -4)
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To assess the accuracy of laboratory scale, a standard weight known to weigh 10 grams is weighed repeatedly. the weight is weighed 40 times. the mean result is 10.230 grams. the standard deviation of the scale readings is 0.020 gram. construct a 98% confidence interval for the mean of repeated measurements of the weight. what is the margin of error? round your answers to three decimal places.
To construct a 98% confidence interval for the mean of repeated measurements of the weight, we can use the formula:
Confidence interval = mean ± (t-value) x (standard error)
where the standard error is the standard deviation of the sample divided by the square root of the sample size, and the t-value is based on the degrees of freedom (n-1) and the desired level of confidence. Since we are given the sample mean, standard deviation, and sample size, we can plug in the values and solve for the confidence interval and margin of error.
First, we need to calculate the standard error:
Standard error = standard deviation / √n
Standard error = 0.020 gram / √40
Standard error = 0.00316 gram
Next, we need to find the t-value for a 98% confidence interval with 39 degrees of freedom. We can use a t-distribution table or calculator to find the t-value, which is approximately 2.423.
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Confidence interval = 10.230 ± (2.423)(0.00316)
Confidence interval = 10.230 ± 0.00766
Rounding to three decimal places, the 98% confidence interval for the mean weight is (10.222, 10.238) grams. The margin of error is half the width of the confidence interval, which is 0.00766/2 = 0.00383 grams
Suppose that 18% of undergraduates in California colleges and universities are vegetarians. Cafeteria management at a California college drew a random sample of 300 of their students. 63 said that they were vegetarians.
What is p?
What is p with hat on top ?
Round to 2 decimal places. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p with hat on top ?
Round to 3 decimal places. Does this school have an unusually high proportion of students that are vegetarian? Answer yes or no
The value of p is 0.18.
The value of \(\bar{p}\) (p with a hat on top) is 0.21.
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of \(\bar{p}\) is approximately 0.024.
No, this school does not have an unusually high proportion of students that are vegetarian.
Determine the p represents the true population?In this scenario, p represents the true population proportion of undergraduates in California colleges and universities who are vegetarians. The given information states that 18% (or 0.18) of all undergraduates are vegetarians.
\(\bar{p}\) (p with a hat on top) represents the sample proportion of vegetarians in the random sample drawn by the cafeteria management. They selected 300 students, and out of those, 63 identified as vegetarians. To calculate \(\bar{p}\) , we divide the number of vegetarians in the sample (63) by the sample size (300).
Therefore, \(\bar{p}\) = 63/300 ≈ 0.21.
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of \(\bar{p}\), denoted as σ(\(\bar{p}\)), is calculated using the formula: σ(\(\bar{p}\)) = √[(p * (1 - p)) / n], where p is the true population proportion, and n is the sample size.
In this case, σ(\(\bar{p}\)) ≈ √[(0.18 * (1 - 0.18)) / 300] ≈ 0.024.
To determine if the school has an unusually high proportion of vegetarian students, we compare the sample proportion (\(\bar{p}\)) with the population proportion (p). Since \(\bar{p}\) (0.21) is greater than p (0.18), we can conclude that the observed proportion of vegetarians in the sample is higher than the expected population proportion.
However, without further context or a specific criterion for what constitutes "unusually high," we cannot definitively state whether the school's proportion of vegetarian students is considered unusually high.
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pls help & show workkk
Therefore, the value of x in the circle with center O is x = 7.
What is circle?A circle is a geometric shape consisting of all points that are equidistant from a given point called the center. The distance from the center to any point on the circle is called the radius. A circle is a two-dimensional shape, and it is often represented by the symbol "O" or "⭕". The circumference of a circle is the distance around its edge or boundary.
Here,
If AB and BC are chords of a circle with center O, then we can use the intersecting chords theorem to find the value of x. According to the intersecting chords theorem, if two chords intersect inside a circle, the product of the lengths of the segments of one chord is equal to the product of the lengths of the segments of the other chord. That is,
AB * BD = CB * BD
where BD is the length of the segment of chord AC that is inside the circle.
We can rearrange this equation to get:
AB * BD - CB * BD = 0
Factorizing BD from both terms, we get:
BD * (AB - CB) = 0
Since BD cannot be zero (as it is a positive length), we have:
AB - CB = 0
Substituting the given values, we get:
(4x-1) - (3x+6) = 0
Simplifying this equation, we get:
x - 7 = 0
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I need help with this please!!!!! Can someone explain how to solve this step by step please!!!!! It’s due very soon so I need to finish it!!
Answer:
Is this a test
Step-by-step explanation:
Double angel identity
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
(a) Use Cos 2A = cos^2 A - sin^2 A.
So A = 2*37 = 74 degrees.
(b) B = 2*2x = 4x.
A sandwich shop serves 4 ounces of meat and 3 ounces of cheese on each sandwich. After making sandwiches for an hour, the shop owner has used 91 combined ounces of meat and cheese. How many combined ounces of meat and cheese are used on each sandwich?
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Given : For each sandwich:
Quantity of meat used = 4 ounces
Quantity of cheese used = 3 ounces
The combined ounces of meat and cheese are used on each sandwich =
Quantity of meat used + Quantity of cheese used
= 4 ounces + 3 ounces
= 7 ounces
Hence, The combined ounces of meat and cheese are used on each sandwich = 7 ounces
6. Which of the following inequalities is true? (1 point)
√36 <-6
1/4> 0.5
15/2 < √81
-3>-0.7
Answer:
15/2 < √81
15/2=7.5
√81=9
7.5<9
A project that provides annual cash flows of $2,200 for nine years costs $9,100 today.
At a required return of 9 percent, what is the NPV of the project?
At a required return of 25 percent, what is the NPV of the project?
At what discount rate would you be indifferent between accepting the project and rejecting it?
We can solve for r using numerical methods or trial and error. One possible way is to use Excel's goal seek function, which gives us a discount rate of approximately 16.5%. Therefore, at a discount rate of 16.5%, the NPV of the project is zero, and we would be indifferent between accepting the project and rejecting it.
Using the formula for NPV, we have:
\(NPV = -Cost + (CF1 / (1+r)^1) + (CF2 / (1+r)^2) + ... + (CFn / (1+r)^n)\)
where CF is the annual cash flow, r is the required rate of return, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
At a required return of 9%:
\(NPV = -9100 + (2200 / (1+0.09)^1) + (2200 / (1+0.09)^2) + ... + (2200 / (1+0.09)^9)\\NPV = -9100 + 1704.13 + 1562.30 + ... + 653.89\\NPV = $404.19\)
At a required return of 25%:
NPV = -9100 + (2200 / (1+0.25)^1) + (2200 / (1+0.25)^2) + ... + (2200 / (1+0.25)^9)
\(NPV = -9100 + 1548.28 + 1179.08 + ... + 160.69\\NPV = -$1,489.91\)
To find the discount rate at which we would be indifferent between accepting the project and rejecting it, we can use the NPV formula and set it equal to zero:
\(0 = -9100 + (2200 / (1+r)^1) + (2200 / (1+r)^2) + ... + (2200 / (1+r)^9)\)
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If a = -3, find the value of
a) 2a
b) a2
c) 3a2
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
a = - 3
for a)
= 2* (-3)
= -6
for b)
= (-3)²
= 9
for c)
= 3 * (-3)²
= 3 * 9
= 27
Hope it helps :)
Name the geometric term modeled by the given object.
a telephone pole
The geometric term modeled by the given object (a telephone pole) is a line
How to determine the geometric term?The given object is a telephone pole
The pole of a telephone pole is often straight.
This means that the telephone pole can be modelled by a line segment
Hence, the geometric term modeled by the given object (a telephone pole) is a line
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Two trains leave stations 224 miles apart at the same time and travel toward each other. One train travels at 75 miles per hour whilethe other travels at 85 miles per hour. How long will it take for the two trains to meet?Do not do any rounding.
The distance between two trains is 224 miles.
The speed of one train is 75 miles per hour and the speed of the second train is 85 miles per hour.
The train is moving towards each other. So the relative speed of the train is,
\(\begin{gathered} 75-(-85)=75+85 \\ =160 \end{gathered}\)So the distance between trains 224 miles is covered at the speed of 160 miles per hour.
Determine the time after which trains meet each other.
\(\begin{gathered} t=\frac{224\text{ miles}}{160\text{ miles/hour}} \\ =1.4\text{ hours} \end{gathered}\)So two trains meet after 1.4 hours.
A report on americans’ attitudes toward eating out found that 73% of the respondents to the survey upon which the report is based think that people don’t eat out enough. which of these factors is most relevant when evaluating the report?
The factor that is most relevant when evaluating the report is that greater percentage of the respondents where restaurant owners.
What is a report analysis?A report analysis is the arrangement and grouping of data in such a way as to evaluate the process of a research work or business progress.
For a greater amount of the respondents surveyed to think that people don’t eat out enough. shows that most of them work or owns a restaurant.
Therefore, the factor that is most relevant when evaluating the report is that greater percentage of the respondents where restaurant owners.
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Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter the number of birds in diffferent regions
In the context of statistics, a statistic refers to a numerical value that is calculated from a sample of data, while a parameter refers to a numerical value that describes a population.
In the given scenario, the number of birds in different regions can be considered as either a statistic or a parameter depending on the context in which it is used.
If the number of birds is obtained by counting the birds in a specific region and then calculating summary measures such as the mean, median, or standard deviation based on that sample, then it would be considered a statistic. This is because the data is collected from a subset (sample) of the entire population of birds.
On the other hand, if the number of birds represents the total count or an average count across all regions without any sampling involved, then it would be considered a parameter. In this case, the value represents a characteristic of the entire population of birds in different regions.
It is important to note that whether the number of birds is considered a statistic or a parameter depends on how the data is collected and analyzed.
If multiple samples are taken from different regions and statistical inference techniques are used to make inferences about the entire population, then it would be appropriate to consider it as a statistic. However, if the data represents a complete count or an average across all regions without any sampling involved, then it would be considered a parameter.
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Find inverse of the function f(x) = 7x +1. f-¹(x) =
the inverse of the function f(x) = 7x + 1 is f^(-1)(x) = (x - 1) / 7.
To find the inverse of the function f(x) = 7x + 1, we need to swap the roles of x and f(x) and solve for x.
Let's start by replacing f(x) with y:
y = 7x + 1
Next, interchange x and y:
x = 7y + 1
Now, solve this equation for y:
x - 1 = 7y
Divide both sides by 7:
y = (x - 1) / 7
So, the inverse function f^(-1)(x) is given by:
f^(-1)(x) = (x - 1) / 7
Therefore, the inverse of the function f(x) = 7x + 1 is f^(-1)(x) = (x - 1) / 7.
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Please help me! thank you
Suppose an object is thrown upward with initial velocity of 48 feet per second from a high of 120 feet. The height of the object t seconds after it is thrown is given by h(t)=-16t^2+48t+120. Find the average velocity from t=2 to t=4.
Type your answer as a number with no units.
The average velocity from t = 2s to t = 4s would be - 48 ft/s.
What are algebraic expressions?In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that depend on the context.
Mathematical symbols can designate numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping to help determine order of operations and other aspects of logical syntax.
Given is that an object is thrown upward with initial velocity of 48 feet per second from a high of 120 feet. The height of the object t seconds after it is thrown is given by h(t) = - 16t² + 48t + 120.
Average velocity
Average rate of change of velocity with time is called average velocity. Mathematically -
v{avg.} = Δx/Δt .... Eq { 1 }
Δx = x(4) - x(2)
Δx = - 16(4)² + 48(4) + 120 - {- 16(2)² + 48(2) + 120}
Δx = - 96
Δt = 4 - 2 = 2
So -
v{avg.} = Δx/Δt = -96/2 = - 48 ft/s
Therefore, the average velocity from t = 2s to t = 4s would be - 48 ft/s.
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How do I determine whether a graph is a function?
Here's a more detailed explanation: To determine if a graph is a function, you can use the vertical line test. The vertical line test states that if you can draw a vertical line that intersects the graph in more than one place, then the graph is not a function.
Determining whether a graph represents a function is an important concept in mathematics, especially in algebra and calculus. A function is a set of ordered pairs where each input is associated with exactly one output.
So, if you take a ruler or a straight edge and place it vertically on the graph, and it intersects the graph in two or more points, then the graph is not a function. This is because if two points in the graph have the same x-value, they must have different y-values, since functions can only have one output for each input.
On the other hand, if you place a vertical line anywhere on the graph and it intersects the graph in only one point, then the graph is a function.
It's also important to remember that a function must also pass the horizontal line test, which means that no horizontal line can intersect the graph in more than one place.
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