A constant volume reactor initially contains 0.1%CO, 3%0, and balance is Na. The
temperature and pressure in the reactor are 2000K and latm. Determine the time for
95% conversion of CO. The reaction is

Answers

Answer 1

The time for 95% conversion of CO is 8349 s.

The reaction that takes place in the constant volume reactor initially containing 0.1% CO, 3% O₂, and balance Na is given by:

2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂.

Given that the temperature and pressure in the reactor are 2000 K and 1 atm respectively.

The rate of reaction is given by:

Rate of reaction = k[CO]^2[O₂].

Given that CO is the limiting reagent, therefore:

[O₂] = 3/100, [CO] = 0.1/100, and [Na] = (100 - 3 - 0.1)/100 = 96.9/100.

Initially, the rate of reaction is given by:

R₀ = k[CO]₀²[O₂]₀

= k(0.1/100)²(3/100)

= 3k/1000000

At 95% conversion of CO, [CO] = (0.1 - 0.1 × 95/100)/100

= 0.005 mol/L and [O₂] = (3 - 2 × 95/100)/100

= 0.01 mol/L.

At this point, the rate of reaction is given by:

R = k[CO]²[O₂]

= k(0.005)²(0.01)

= 2.5 × 10^-7 k

The time for 95% conversion of CO, t is given by:

t = (ln(1 - 0.95))/(ln(R/R₀))

= (ln(0.05))/(ln(2.5 × 10^-7 k/3k/1000000))

≈ 8349 s.

Answer: 8349 s

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Related Questions

Q3 (10 points) Find w, x, y and z such that the following chemical reaction is balanced. w Ba3 N₂ + xH₂O →yBa(OH)2 + 2NH3

Answers

The balanced chemical reaction will be;Ba3N2 + 6H2O → 3Ba(OH)2 + 2NH3. The values of w, x, y, and z are w = 2z and w = y = 3x.

The given chemical reaction is unbalanced. So, we have to balance it. Let the coefficient of Ba3N2 is w, the coefficient of H2O is x, the coefficient of Ba(OH)2 is y, and the coefficient of NH3 is z. So, the balanced chemical reaction is: wBa3N2 + x6H2O → y3Ba(OH)2 + z2NH3

Coefficient of Ba: 3w = 3y  => w = y

Coefficient of N: 2z = w => w = 2z

Coefficient of H: 6x = 2z  => z = 3x

Coefficient of O: 2y = 6x  => y = 3x

So, the final coefficients are: w = y = 3x and w = 2z

The balanced chemical reaction is; Ba3N2 + 6H2O → 3Ba(OH)2 + 2NH3. Hence, the values of w, x, y, and z are w = 2z and w = y = 3x.

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What are all the possible values of ml if l = 0 (an s orbital)? Enter the value for m1.

Answers

If l = 0, you're dealing with an s orbital. For an s orbital, there is only one possible value for ml, which is 0. This is because ml can range from -l to +l, and since l is 0, the only possible value is 0 itself. So, the value for m1 in this case is 0.

For an s orbital with l=0, the possible values of ml are limited to just one value, which is 0. This is because ml represents the magnetic quantum number, which describes the orientation of the orbital's angular momentum vector with respect to an external magnetic field. Since an s orbital has no angular momentum, its orientation is fixed and ml can only take the value of 0. Therefore, the value for m1 in this case is simply 0. This answer can be provided within the given 100 word limit.
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Complete the paragraph to describe binary systems.

A binary star system is made of
stars, one of which is brighter than the other. Astronomers are able to detect the dimmer star because its gravity causes the bright star to
. Astronomers can also spot the dimmer star by observing a phenomenon called a(n)
binary. This happens when the dim star passes in front of the bright star.

Answers

Answer: Two, Wobble, Eclipsing.

Explanation:

A binary star system is made of two stars, one of which is brighter than the other. Astronomers are able to detect the dimmer star because its gravity causes the bright star to wobble. Astronomers can also spot the dimmer star by observing a phenomenon called an eclipsing binary.

Answer:

Two, Wobble, Eclipsing.

Explanation:

A gas sample contained in a cylinder equipped with a moveable piston occupied 300 mL is a pressure of 2 atm. What would the final pressure if the volume were increased to 500 mL at constant temperature

Answers

Answer:

1.2 atm

Explanation:

This uses only two variables V and P, meaning that we can use Boyle's Law which is \({V_{1} }{P_{1}} = {V_{2}}{P_{2}}\)

Given V1= 300 mL , P1= 2 atm, V2= 500 mL,

300 * 2 = 500 * P2

P2 = 600/500

P2 = 1.2 atm

give the orbital configuration of the following elements using the s, p, d, f type representation. (answer format is: 1se2 = 1s 2 ) helium, nitrogen, silicon helium nitrogen silicon

Answers

These orbital configurations represent the arrangement of electrons within the different energy levels and subshells of the respective elements.

The orbital configurations of the given elements are as follows:

Helium: 1s² - Helium has two electrons that occupy the 1s orbital.

Nitrogen: 1s² 2s² 2p³ - Nitrogen has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and three electrons in the 2p orbital (specifically, 2p³ indicates three electrons in the 2p subshell).

Silicon: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² - Silicon has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, six electrons in the 2p orbital, two electrons in the 3s orbital, and two electrons in the 3p orbital (specifically, 3p² indicates two electrons in the 3p subshell).

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Which statement correctly describes soil horizon C?​

Answers

If you can put a picture of the question you need help on I’ll answer it for you.

Answer:

Explanation:

It is the horizon that contains the least humus.

Chemists can identify the composition of some unknown salts by conducting a flame test. When potassium salts are heated in a flame, a purple color is observed.
This is due to the movement of electrons between energy levels. What is the electron configuration of a potassium atom at ground state?
answer choices
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2; 3p6; 4d1
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2;3p6; 3d1
1s2; 2s2; 2d6; 3s2; 3d6; 4s1
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2; 3p6; 4s1

Answers

The electron configuration of a potassium atom at ground state is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹. Therefore, option D is correct.

What is an electronic configuration?

The electron configuration of an element can be explained as electrons being occupied in different energy levels of an atom of a specific element. In the electron configuration, the electrons are usually written as a superscript of atomic subshells. For example, the electron configuration of Helium can be represented as 1s²2s².

The sequence of completely filled subshells similar to neighboring the electronic configuration of a noble gas is represented by square brackets. The principal quantum number (n) will be used to denote the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell.

The total number of electrons occupied in the given electronic configuration  1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹  is 19. The atomic number of potassium is 19 therefore it is the configuration of potassium.

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Write chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
a)decomposition of  zinc carbonate
b)decomposition of lead nitrate
c(decomposition of ammonium dichromate
d)Reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid
e)reaction between copper sulphate and zinc.
f)reaction between silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid
g)reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulphate
h) Reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.​

Answers

Answer:

in this reaction more reactive mg is replacing

less reactive h. hence it is dipalcement reaction.

Explanation:

hope its hepl you

please mark brainlist.

Write chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:a)decomposition of zinc carbonateb)decomposition

Which of the following ions (if equal in concentration) will contribute most to elevating the boiling point of H₂O? A. Fe3+ B. Ca2+ C. All would contribute equally D. Na+

Answers

A. Fe3+. This is because Fe3+ has a higher charge than Ca2+ and Na+, which means it has a stronger attraction to the water molecules and therefore causes more disruption to the water's ability to vaporize.

Additionally, the concentration of Fe3+ ions would need to be much lower than Ca2+ and Na+ ions to have the same effect on the boiling point of water due to its higher charge.
The boiling point elevation depends on the number of ions present in the solution. In this case, if all ions have equal concentration, Fe3+ (A) will contribute most to elevating the boiling point of H₂O, because it has the highest charge and will produce more ions when dissolved in water.

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How many atoms are present in 2 molecules of

C6H12O6?


a.

24


b.

48


c.

96


d.

2

Answers

Answer:

b 48 atoms

Explanation:

A model fits the incidence of diabetes for migrants. In the model Sex has coefficient 1.2 with p-value 0.01. The reference level for Sex is Female. What is the odds ratio of Males having diabetes? Give your answer as a whole number.

Answers

The odds ratio of males having diabetes is 3, given that the coefficient of sex (male) is 1.2 with a p-value of 0.01, and the reference level for sex is female.

The given problem statement is about a statistical model, and we are required to find the odds ratio of males having diabetes. It is known that the model fits the incidence of diabetes for migrants, and the model includes the variable 'Sex' with a coefficient of 1.2 and a p-value of 0.01, where the reference level for sex is female.

Odds ratio of males having diabetes

Odds ratio is a measure of association that describes the relationship between two variables. It is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group.Let's suppose p(F) and p(M) represent the probabilities of females and males having diabetes, respectively. Then, the odds ratio of males having diabetes can be given by:

\($$\frac{p(M)/[1-p(M)]}{p(F)/[1-p(F)]}$$\)

Now, let's use the given information to find the odds ratio of males having diabetes. It is known that the coefficient of sex (male) is 1.2 with a p-value of 0.01. This indicates that the odds of having diabetes are 1.2 times higher for males than for females. Since the reference level for sex is female, we can consider females as the baseline and calculate the odds ratio for males as follows:

Odds ratio for males

\($$=\frac{p(M)/[1-p(M)]}{p(F)/[1-p(F)]}$$\)

\($$=\frac{p(M)}{1-p(M)} \cdot \frac{1-p(F)}{p(F)}$$\)

\($$=\frac{p(M)}{p(F)} \cdot \frac{1-p(F)}{1-p(M)}$$\)

\($$=1.2 \cdot \frac{1-p(F)}{1-1.2p(F)}$$\)

Since the reference level for sex is female, the probability of females having diabetes can be given by the following:

\($$p(F)=\frac{\text{Number of females with diabetes}}{\text{Total number of females}}$$\)

However, we are not given this information, so we cannot compute p(F) directly. But, we know that the odds ratio of males having diabetes is a whole number. Therefore, we can assume that the probabilities p(M) and p(F) are such that the odds ratio is a whole number.

Let's try p(M) = 0.6 and p(F) = 0.5. Then, the odds ratio for males is:

Odds ratio for males

\($$=1.2 \cdot \frac{1-0.5}{1-1.2 \cdot 0.5}$$\)

\($$=1.2 \cdot \frac{1}{0.4}$$\)

\($$=3$$\)

Therefore, the odds ratio of males having diabetes is 3, given that the coefficient of sex (male) is 1.2 with a p-value of 0.01, and the reference level for sex is female.

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Can someone walk me through this question??
The Percent yield for the reaction PCl3 +Cl2 --> PCl5 is 83.2%. What mass of PCl5 is expected from the reaction of 73.7% of PCl3 with excess chlorine?

Answers

The mass of \(PCl_5\) expected from the reaction of 73.7% of \(PCl_3\) with excess chlorine based on 83.2% percent yield would be 92.99 grams.

Percent yield

From the balanced equation of the reaction:

\(PCl_3 +Cl_2 -- > PCl_5\)

The ratio of the moles of \(PCl_3\) that reacts to that of \(PCl_5\) that is produced is 1:1.

73.7% of \(PCl_3\) = 73.7/137.33

                       = 0.5367 moles

Since the mole ratio is 1:1, the equivalent mole of \(PCl_5\) will also be 0.5367 moles.

Mass of 0.5367 moles \(PCl_5\) = 0.5367 x 208.24

                                               = 111.7624 grams

But the reaction has only 83.2% yield:

 111.7624 x 83.2% = 92.99 grams

Thus, the mass of  \(PCl_5\) expected from the reaction will be 92.99 grams.

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Determine the percent yield if 0.0419 mol of ethyl acetate is produced but 0.0722 mol is calculated as the theoretical yield?

Answers

Percentage yield = 0.0419 /0.0722 x 100%
= 0.58033 x 100%
= 58.03%

which micropipette should you use to most accurately dispense 125 microliters of solution?

Answers

An adjustable-volume micropipette with a range of 0.5-10 μL would be the most accurate for dispensing 125 μL of solution.

What is the micropipette ?

A micropipette is a precision instrument used to accurately measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid, typically between 0.5 µL and 10 mL. It is commonly used in laboratories to prepare samples for chemical analysis and in medical applications to dispense precise amounts of medication. The micropipette is composed of a plunger, a tip, and a cylinder. The plunger is used to draw liquid into the tip, and the cylinder is used to release the liquid. The micropipette is usually operated using a thumbwheel or a push button that controls the plunger. The tip of the micropipette is designed to fit a range of different sized microtubes, allowing for accurate and repeatable transfer of liquids. The micropipette can be calibrated for accuracy, making it an invaluable tool for laboratories that need precise measurements of liquids.

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The formula of the gas ozone is O 3. What is the volume of 48g of ozone at r.t.p?

Answers

Answer:

1.8 x 10^ 24 atoms of oxygen

Explanation:

The molecular weight of ozone is known to be 48 grams / mol. Here we are given a sample of 48 grams of ozone as well, so in 48 grams of ozone the number of moles = 48 / 48 = 1,

_______________________________________________________

1 mole of ozone is equal to 6.0221415 × 10^23 molecules of ozone. Respectively, 1 molecule of ozone has 3 atoms of oxygen. Thus, you can conclude the following -

3 * 6.0221415 × 10^23 =  ( About ) 1.8 x 10^ 24 atoms of oxygen

Hope that helps!

The volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p) is equal to 24 \(dm^3\).

Given the following data:

Mass of ozone = 48 grams.

Scientific data:

Molar mass of ozone = 48 g/mol. Avogadro's number = \(6.02 \times 10^{23}\)

To determine the volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p):

First of all, we would calculate the number of moles of ozone contained in 48 grams of ozone by using the formula:

\(Number\;of\;moles = \frac{mass}{molar\;mass}\\\\Number\;of\;moles = \frac{48}{48}\)

Number of moles = 1.0 moles

By stoichiometry:

1 mole of ozone =  24 \(dm^3\)

Note: At room temperature and pressure (r.t.p), the volume of any gas is equal to 24 \(dm^3\) or 24,000 \(cm^3\).

In conclusion, the volume of 48 grams of ozone at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p) is equal to 24 \(dm^3\).

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Which statement describes chemical properties?
A. Characteristics that can change without changing the substance
B. Characteristics that can change when the state of the substance
changes
C. Characteristics that describe the ability of a substance to form a
new substance
D. Characteristics that describe what chemical a substance is made
up of
QQ

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A substance is made up of chemicals

What is the correct order for.the three steps of the scientific method ?

Answers

The basic 3 steps are: 1) make an observation that describes a problem 2) create a/an hypothesis 3) test the hypothesis and 4) draw conclusions and refine the hypothesis

Which of the following is not an important factor in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues?
A) Bohr effect
B) BPG
C) carbonic anhydrase
D) Haldane effect

Answers

The Haldane effect is not an important factor in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues.

The Haldane effect is the phenomenon that the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin shifts to the right in the presence of increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and decreased levels of pH. The Haldane effect refers to the effect of CO2 on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, it does not refer to the regulation of oxygen delivery to tissues directly.

The other options are important factors in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues:

A) The Bohr effect is the phenomenon that the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin shifts to the right in the presence of increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and decreased levels of pH. This effect allows hemoglobin to release more oxygen in the tissues, where the levels of CO2 and acidity are higher.

B) BPG (bisphosphoglycerate) is a molecule that binds to hemoglobin, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, allowing more oxygen to be released in the tissues where the oxygen tension is low.

C) Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction between CO2 and H2O to form H2CO3 and H+. Carbonic anhydrase plays a role in regulating the pH of the blood and thus affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin.

It's worth noting that, these factors work together to adjust the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues, depending on the metabolic needs of the body.

_______ is the process in which light energy is transformed into food energy.

photosynthesis
life
biotic
abiotic

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis

Explanation:

please help look at the picture

please help look at the picture

Answers

The electron configuration for sodium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

What is simple displacement reaction???give examples.

Answers

Answer:

Hey rose why you deleted my comments

Part A Classify these amino acids as acidic, basic, neutral polar, or neutral nonpolar Drag each item to the appropriate bin. Hints Reset Help -NH2 CH3 CH3 CH NH2 CH2 H,N-C-coo Acidic Basic Neutral polar Neutral nonpolar My Answers Give Up Part B Classify these amino acids as acidic, basic, neutral polar, or neutral nonpolar Drag each item to the appropriate bin. Hints Reset Help OH CH2 HON-C-COO H,N-C-COO Acidic Basic Neutral polar Neutral nonpolar

Answers

Amino acids as acidic, basic, neutral polar, or neutral nonpolar are

Part A: NH₂: Basic, CH₃: Neutral nonpolar, CH₃: Neutral nonpolar, CH: Neutral nonpolar, NH₂: Basic, CH₂: Neutral nonpolar, H,N-C-coo: Acidic

Part B: OH: Neutral polar, CH₂: Neutral nonpolar, HON-C-COO: Acidic, H,N-C-COO: Acidic.

Acidic amino acids: These amino acids have a carboxyl group (COOH) in their side chain, which makes them acidic. They can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) and have a negative charge at physiological pH.

Basic amino acids: These amino acids contain an amino group (NH2 or NH3+) in their side chain, which makes them basic. They can accept a hydrogen ion (H+) and have a positive charge at physiological pH.

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inyluridine as a versatile chemoselective handle for the posttranscriptional chemical functionalization of rna. bioconjugate chem.:doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00169.

Answers

These RNAs are now created from scratch via synthetic chemistry or biochemical methods, beginning with a 5'-nucleotide that has been chemically functionalized.

Why is RNA vital and what does it do?

All biological cells contain ribonucleic acid (RNA), a crucial biological macromolecule. It plays a major role in the production of proteins by acting as a messenger for DNA, which in turn carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth and maintenance of life.

How much time does RNA spend in the body?

Your muscle cells are given mRNA (messenger RNA) by the Pfizer and Self - signed vaccines. The spike protein is replicated by the cells, and the mRNA is immediately broken down (within a few days). The mRNA is fragmented into little, non-toxic bits by the cell.

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The solubility of AgNO3 at 10° and 20°C are 170g and 222g per 100g H2O. What is the sign of change of heat of solution for AgNO3?

Answers

Answer:

The sign of change of heat of solution is positive

Explanation:

The dissolution of AgNO3 in water is represented by the equation;

AgNO3(s) --------> Ag^+(aq) + NO3^-(aq)

We can see from the question that as the temperature was increased from 10° to 20°C the solubility of the solute increased from  170g to 222g per 100g of H2O.

This implies that the solubility of the solute increases with increase in temperature.

If a reaction moves in the forward direction when the temperature is increased, then the reaction is endothermic. If the reaction is endothermic, the sign of change of heat of solution is positive.

a 1.325 g sample of an unknown vapor occupies 368 ml at 114°c and 946 mmhg. the simplest formula of the compound is no2. which could be the molecular formula of the compound?

Answers

This is the same number of moles we calculated earlier using the ideal gas law. Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is NO2.

To find the molecular formula of the compound, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of the gas, and then use the molar mass to find the molecular formula.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of the gas using the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure (946 mmHg), V is the volume (368 mL), n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (114°C + 273.15 = 387.15 K).

\(n = (P V) / (R T)\\\n = (946 mmHg * 0.368 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 387.15 K)\\n = 0.0175 mol\)

Next, let's calculate the molar mass of the compound. We know from the problem statement that the simplest formula is NO2, which means that the molar mass is:

\(M(NO2) = M(N) + 2 * M(O)\\M(NO2) = 14.01 g/mol + 2 * 16.00 g/mol\\M(NO2) = 46.01 g/mol\)

Now, we can calculate the mass of the compound:

\(m = n * M(NO2)\\m = 0.0175 mol * 46.01 g/mol\\m = 0.805 g\)

Finally, we can use the mass of the compound to find the molecular formula. The molar mass of the compound is 46.01 g/mol, and the mass of the compound is 0.805 g, so the number of moles is:

\(n = m / M\\n = 0.805 g / 46.01 g/mol\\n = 0.0175 mol\)

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in(iv) sulfide, sns2, a yellow pigment, can be produced using the following reaction. snbr4(aq) 2na2s(aq)⟶4nabr(aq) sns2(s) suppose a student adds 35.2 ml of a 0.419 m solution of snbr4 to 51.1 ml of a 0.203 m solution of na2s.

Answers

% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %

% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %

Balanced chemical reaction is

SnBr4(aq)  +  2Na2S(aq)    --->   4NaBr(aq)   +   SnS2(s)  

First calculate limiting reactant

molarity of SnBr4 = 0.418 M

volume of SnBr4 = 0.0451 L (1 ml = 0.001 L then 45.1 ml =45.1 X 0.001 = 0.0451 L)

molarity of Na2S = 0.133 M

volume of Na2S = 0.0466 M ( 1 ml = 0.001 L then 46.6 ml =46.6 X 0.001 = 0.0466 L)

no.of moles = molarity X volume of solution in liter

moles of SnBr4 = 0.418 X 0.0451 = 0.0189 mol

moles of Na2S = 0.133 X 0.0466 = 0.0062 mol

According to balanced chemical reaction 1 mole of SnBr4 react with 2 mole of Na2S molar ratio between SnBr4 to Na2S is 1:2 therefore to react with 0.0189 mole of SnBr4 required Na2S = 0.0189 X 2 / 1 = 0.0378 moles Na2S but Na2S given only 0.0062 mole therefore Na2S is limiting reactant

Limiting reactant = Na2S

According to balanced chemical reaction 2 mole of Na2S produce 1 mole of SnS2 molar ratio between Na2S to SnS2 is 2:1 therefore 0.0062 mole of Na2S produce SnS2 = 0.0062 X 1 / 2 = 0.0031 moles

Mole of SnS2 produced = 0.0031 mole

Molar mass of SnS2 = 182.81 g/mol

Gm of compound = no. of moles X molar mass

Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.0031 mol X 182.81 g/mol = 0.567 g

Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.567 g

Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g

Actual yield of SnS2 = 0.337 g

Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g

% yield = Actual yield X 100 / theoretical yield

Substitute the value

% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %

% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %

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4 description of meteor showers​

Answers

Answer:

A meteor shower are defined as the celestial event in which a meteor comes from one point in the sky and visible in night sky.

Meteors are also known as Shooting stars as they glow when enters in the Earth surface as glowing streaks, where tail point to the origin in the sky and face faces the Earth surface.

Meteor showers take place when meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere.

Meteor showers can repeat themselves because it depends on the comet orbits which can take place at the same time each year.

What elements threaten our marine ecosystem? logging non-native species oil spills overfishing soil runoff weathering

Answers

In a marine ecosystem, oil spills and weathering threaten the marine ecosystem.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.Activities like oil spills and weathering threaten the marine ecosystem.

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how many electrons can be assigned to orbitals designated by the quantum numbers n = 6, ℓ = 1?

Answers

The maximum number of electrons that can be assigned to orbitals designated by the quantum numbers n = 6, ℓ = 1 is six.

Quantum numbers n and ℓ

The quantum number n represents the principal energy level of an atom. The quantum number represents the sublevel or subshell of an atom.

For any given principal quantum number, n, there is a maximum of two electrons that can be assigned to any particular orbital of the same angular momentum quantum number, ℓ. In this case, n = 6, meaning that the orbital is part of the sixth energy level, and ℓ = 1, meaning that the orbital is a p-orbital and there is a maximum of six electrons that can be assigned in p-orbital:

↑↓     ↑↓   ↑↓

6px  6py  6pz

Therefore, the maximum number of electrons that can be assigned to this orbital is six.

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What two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory but are explained by the molecular orbital theory

Answers

Two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory but are explained by the molecular orbital theory are magnetic properties and the fact that it is a paramagnetic substance.

What is Valence Bond Theory?

Valence bond (VB) theory is a type of bonding theory that explains chemical bonding.

According to this theory, atoms bond to form molecules as a result of the formation of covalent bonds.

The theory of valence bonding is based on the Lewis representation of molecules, which represents a molecule's outermost electrons by dots.

According to the theory of VB, a covalent bond forms when two atomic orbitals combine to create a hybrid orbital that contains one electron from each atom.

What is Molecular Orbital Theory?

The molecular orbital (MO) theory is a type of bonding theory that explains the electronic structure of molecules in terms of molecular orbitals.

This theory deals with electrons in molecules by constructing linear combinations of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals, in contrast to valence bond theory. Molecular orbital theory predicts the magnetic properties of substances and is used to explain chemical reactions.

In MO theory, all electrons are treated as delocalized and not assigned to specific bonds. MO theory predicts that oxygen molecules have magnetic properties that are absent in VB theory.

Two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory but are explained by the molecular orbital theory are magnetic properties and the fact that it is a paramagnetic substance.

In MO theory, oxygen molecules have unpaired electrons in the antibonding pi* orbitals, making them paramagnetic. The valence bond theory, on the other hand, predicts that oxygen molecules should be diamagnetic, which is the opposite of paramagnetism.

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